| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Throat Aid Taken for infections and sore throats. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 267 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of knots taken for consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 265 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of one knot taken to vomit for regular consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 265 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of twigs taken for scrofula. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 267 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid Compound decoction used as a salve on dry, cracked, venereal diseased penis. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 265 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Veterinary Aid Decoction of twigs used for boils on horses necks. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 267 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Burning branch smoke drove away ghosts from the house of returning people. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 266 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Smoke from plant used as a wash for a person who has seen a dead person. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 266 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Menominee Drug, Analgesic Infusion of bark, an important medicine, taken for chest pain. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded bark applied to wounds, sores or ulcers. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded inner bark applied to sores. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 132 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Drug, Cold Remedy Bark, leaves and stems used for colds. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark, leaves and stems used for coughs. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark used for wounds and sap used for hemorrhaging. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Drug, Dermatological Aid Boiled inner bark used for sores and swellings. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Drug, Hemostat Sap used for hemorrhaging. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Drug, Kidney Aid Plant parts used for kidney trouble. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Bark, leaves and stems used for grippe. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Inner bark, bark and leaves used for scurvy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Food, Beverage Bark used to make a beverage. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Other, Fuel Wood used for kindling and fuel. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Analgesic Poultice of sap or gum applied for boil and abscess pains. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Cold Remedy Bark, sap or gum used for coughs, colds and boils. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 130 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Cold Remedy Cold infusion of bark taken for colds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 264 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark taken for coughs and colds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for stubborn cough and pitch chewed for cough. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of dried inner bark used as a cough remedy. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Dermatological Aid Sap or gum applied to boil or abscess pains. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Montagnais Drug, Cold Remedy Boiled gum taken for colds. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Montagnais Drug, Throat Aid Boiled gum taken for sore throats. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Montagnais Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Boiled gum taken for consumption. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Dried leaves used as a reviver or inhalant. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Bark and cones used medicinally. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Plant used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa Fiber, Caulking Material Pitch from boiled cones and resin used for caulking and waterproofing. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used on the ground or floor, covered with blankets and other bedding and used as a bed. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Young staminate catkins of this pine cooked for food and stewed with meat. One might think this would taste rather like pitch, but they assured the writer that is was sweet and had no pitchy flavor. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa Other, Waterproofing Agent Pitch from boiled cones and resin used for caulking and waterproofing. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Analgesic Boiled, crushed leaves used as herbal steam for headache and backache. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Analgesic Poultice of crushed leaves applied for headaches. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Herbal Steam Boiled, crushed leaves used as herbal steam for headache and backache. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Potawatomi Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch or resin of wood and bark used as the base for a salve. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Potawatomi Fiber, Caulking Material Pitch rendered from the bark or cone and used to caulk boats and canoes. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Shinnecock Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for stubborn cough and pitch chewed for cough. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121 |
| Piper methysticum G. Forst. Kava USDA PIME |
Hawaiian Drug, Oral Aid Plant ashes and other ashes rubbed on children for thick white coatings on the tongue. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17 |
| Piper methysticum G. Forst. Kava USDA PIME |
Hawaiian Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant ashes and other ashes rubbed on children for thick white coatings on the tongue. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17 |
| Polygala alba Nutt. White Milkwort USDA POAL4 |
Sioux Drug, Ear Medicine Decoction of root used for earache. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. King Solomon's Seal USDA POBIC |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Taken by females afflicted with 'whites or profuse menstruation.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Polygonum alpinum All. Alaska Wild Rhubarb USDA POAL11 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Unspecified Fresh, chopped stalks mixed with whitefish or pike eggs and livers, oil, and sugar and eaten. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 45 |