| Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small Whitemargin Sandmat USDA CHAL11 |
Keres, Western Drug, Eye Medicine Crushed plant rubbed on sore eyes. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small Whitemargin Sandmat USDA CHAL11 |
Keres, Western Drug, Gynecological Aid Leaves rubbed on mothers' breasts to produce more and richer milk. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small Whitemargin Sandmat USDA CHAL11 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Analgesic Cold infusion used for stomachache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small Whitemargin Sandmat USDA CHAL11 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Cold infusion of plant taken for stomachache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small Whitemargin Sandmat USDA CHAL11 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Hemostat Poultice of plant used as a hemostatic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small Whitemargin Sandmat USDA CHAL11 |
Shoshoni Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Poultice of crushed, whole plant applied to snakebites. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73, 74 |
| Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small Whitemargin Sandmat USDA CHAL11 |
Shoshoni Drug, Tonic Decoction of plant taken as a tonic for general debility. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73, 74 |
| Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small Whitemargin Sandmat USDA CHAL11 |
Zuni Drug, Gynecological Aid Leaves and roots eaten to promote lactation. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 376 |
| Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. ex Parish Smallseed Sandmat USDA CHPO12 |
Zuni Drug, Gynecological Aid Warm gruel made with plant and white cornmeal taken to promote milk flow. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 51 |
| Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Thymeleaf Sandmat USDA CHSES |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Oral Aid Plant chewed to sweeten the saliva. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Thymeleaf Sandmat USDA CHSES |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Beverage Roots used to make a fermented, intoxicating drink. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 151 |
| Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Thymeleaf Sandmat USDA CHSES |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Cooking Agent Roots chewed and used as a yeast preparation for the wedding cake. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 148 |
| Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Thymeleaf Sandmat USDA CHSES |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Dried Food Roots dried for future use. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 148 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Infusion of roots and cedar bark used as a medicinal tea. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 230 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Anthelmintic Infusion of blooms taken for worms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Used for sores or skin eruptions. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Dietary Aid Taken to increase appetite. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of blooms taken for fevers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Laxative Infusion of blooms taken as a laxative. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Cherokee Food, Unspecified Young shoots and leaves boiled, fried and eaten. Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 253 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Iroquois Drug, Liver Aid Compound decoction of roots taken for too much gall. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 434 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Infusion of smashed roots taken as an anti-witchcraft medicine. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 434 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Malecite Drug, Contraceptive Infusion of plants used to prevent pregnancy. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 258 |
| Chelone glabra L. White Turtlehead USDA CHGL2 |
Micmac Drug, Contraceptive Herb used to prevent pregnancy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55 |
| Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats. California Goosefoot USDA CHCA3 |
Diegueno Other, Soap Mashed root used to clean and whiten clothes. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 17 |
| Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller Mealy Goosefoot USDA CHINI |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Seeds ground and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
| Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller Mealy Goosefoot USDA CHINI |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Young sprouts boiled with meat and eaten. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
| Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats. Narrowleaf Goosefoot USDA CHLE4 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Seeds ground and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
| Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats. Narrowleaf Goosefoot USDA CHLE4 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Young sprouts boiled with meat and eaten. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
| Chenopodium sp. Goosefoot |
Keresan Food, Vegetable Leaves used for greens. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 560 |
| Chionanthus virginicus L. White Fringetree USDA CHVI3 |
Choctaw Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark used as wash or poultice as dressing for cuts or bruises. Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23 |
| Chionanthus virginicus L. White Fringetree USDA CHVI3 |
Choctaw Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of roots or bark used as a wash for infected sores and wounds. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50 |
| Chionanthus virginicus L. White Fringetree USDA CHVI3 |
Choctaw Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of beaten bark applied to cuts and bruises. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50 |
| Chionanthus virginicus L. White Fringetree USDA CHVI3 |
Choctaw Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of roots used as a wash for infected sores. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50 |
| Chionanthus virginicus L. White Fringetree USDA CHVI3 |
Koasati Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark used as a wash for cuts. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50 |
| Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth Wavyleaf Soapplant USDA CHPOP4 |
Mewuk Fiber, Caulking Material Made into a white mucilaginous paste and used to coat baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336 |
| Chrysothamnus sp. Rabbit Brush |
Keresan Drug, Emetic Infusion taken as an emetic. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
| Chrysothamnus sp. Rabbit Brush |
Keresan Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion taken for stomach trouble. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
| Cirsium hookerianum Nutt. White Thistle USDA CIHO |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Roots boiled and used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36 |
| Cirsium hookerianum Nutt. White Thistle USDA CIHO |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown. One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.' One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |
| Cirsium hookerianum Nutt. White Thistle USDA CIHO |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown. One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.' One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |
| Cirsium hookerianum Nutt. White Thistle USDA CIHO |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Deep, thick roots cooked and eaten. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480 |
| Cirsium hookerianum Nutt. White Thistle USDA CIHO |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown. One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.' One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |
| Cirsium hookerianum Nutt. White Thistle USDA CIHO |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Roots boiled and used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36 |
| Cirsium horridulum Michx. Yellow Thistle USDA CIHOH |
Houma Food, Unspecified Tender, white hearts eaten raw. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57 |
| Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus Watermelon USDA CILAL |
Sia Food, Unspecified Cultivated watermelons used for food. White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE Bulletin #, page 106 |
| Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Western White Clematis USDA CLLIL2 |
Costanoan Drug, Analgesic Poultice of foliage applied for chest pains. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 7 |
| Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Western White Clematis USDA CLLIL2 |
Dakota Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant used as a horse medicine. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35 |
| Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Western White Clematis USDA CLLIL2 |
Gosiute Drug, Unspecified Plant used as a medicine. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366 |
| Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Western White Clematis USDA CLLIL2 |
Great Basin Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid Roots used to make a shampoo. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47 |