| Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARMAM2 |
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Analgesic Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375 |
| Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARMAM2 |
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Antidiarrheal Leaves used for diarrhea. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375 |
| Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARMAM2 |
Yokia Other, Containers Two V-shaped branches used to carry wood on the back. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375 |
| Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARMAM2 |
Yuki Food, Beverage Ripe fruits crushed, strained and used to make cider. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85 |
| Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARMAM2 |
Yuki Food, Fruit Ripe berries eaten raw. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85 |
| Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARMAM2 |
Yuki Food, Staple Ripe berries parched and used in pinole. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Fruit Fruit cooked in grease, pounded, mixed with raw fish eggs and eaten. Approximate proportions of ingredients were 1 tablespoon grease, 1 1/2 cups fruit and 2 tablespoons whitefish eggs separated from the adhering membranes. A little sugar was added for flavor. After the fruits were lightly cooked in grease, they were pounded until they were crumbly. They were then placed in a heavy cloth folded to make a sack and pounded with the back of an axe head. The fish eggs moistened the pounded fruit. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Keresan Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Raw berries mixed with grease, dried or fresh, raw whitefish eggs and eaten. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Tanana, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Raw berries mixed with grease, dried or fresh, raw whitefish eggs and stored for later use. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Mewuk Food, Beverage Berries used to make cider. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Mewuk Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Midoo Food, Fruit Berries pounded and eaten. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 311 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Miwok Drug, Dietary Aid Cider employed as an appetizer to create appetite. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161162 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Miwok Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Cider used for stomach trouble. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161162 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Miwok Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Leaves chewed for stomachache and cramps. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161162 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Miwok Food, Beverage Berries crushed for sweet, unfermented cider. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Miwok Food, Winter Use Food Dried berries stored for winter consumption, chewed but never swallowed. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Wintoon Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 263 |
| Artemisia californica Less. California Sagebrush USDA ARCA11 |
Luiseno Other, Ceremonial Items Plant and white sage used to build a ceremonial hunting fire before hunting. The hunters stood around the fire and in its smoke before hunting because they believed that the fire and smoke would absolve them of any breach of social observances they might have committed which would otherwise have brought them bad luck. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 199 |
| Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth. Carruth's Sagewort USDA ARCA14 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Blackfoot Other, Malicious Charm Stems used as a curse on horses to slacken in races. Short pieces were broken from the stem and a small, flat, white stone was collected. The man first sprayed the rock with juice from his mouth. Then the stems were placed on the ground; they represented the other horses. The stone was sprayed again and shoved toward the stems, without touching them, three times. At the fourth shove the stone was pressed into the stems. Horses so cursed were sure to slacken in the race. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck Mexican White Sagebrush USDA ARLUM2 |
Kiowa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck Mexican White Sagebrush USDA ARLUM2 |
Kiowa Drug, Herbal Steam Plant used as a purifying agent in the sweat house. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck Mexican White Sagebrush USDA ARLUM2 |
Kiowa Drug, Throat Aid Leaves chewed for sore throats. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck Mexican White Sagebrush USDA ARLUM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Plant ash used in blackening ceremonies. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Beverage Used to make tea. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Spice Used as a seasoning. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail Whorled Milkweed USDA ASSU2 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified First buds eaten by children. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail Whorled Milkweed USDA ASSU2 |
Zuni Fiber, Clothing Pods gathered when two thirds ripe and the cotton used for weaving clothing. The cotton was used for weaving beautiful white dance kilts, women's belts and other articles of clothing. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 77 |
| Astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus (Gray) M.E. Jones Speckledpod Milkvetch USDA ASLED |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Fruit Pea fruit eaten raw and cooked. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Astragalus sp. Vetch |
Keresan Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant made horses crazy or killed them, if eaten. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 562 |
| Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville Cutleaf Waterparsnip USDA BEER |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Unspecified Leaves and blossoms used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville Cutleaf Waterparsnip USDA BEER |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Leaves and blossoms used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used as ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried root or leaf used as dusting powder on skin sores or infant's sore navel. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Diuretic Cold infusion of plant taken by hunters for anuria. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Plant used as ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Hunting Medicine Lotion from plant applied to body for protection while hunting and in war. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Pediatric Aid Cold infusion of root used for birth injuries. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Pediatric Aid Dried root or leaves used as dusting powder for skin sores or infant's sore navel. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Lotion from plant applied to body for protection from witches. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Nearly any kitchen utensil common to the white man, could be duplicated in birch bark by the Ojibwe. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula sp. White Birch |
Creek Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Bark used in medicine taken for pulmonary tuberculosis. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 659 |
| Betula sp. White Birch |
Creek Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of bark taken for pulmonary tuberculosis. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15 |
| Betula sp. White Birch |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Fiber, Snow Gear Wood used to make snowshoes. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |
| Betula sp. White Birch |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Containers Wood used to make containers. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |
| Betula sp. White Birch |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Fuel Bark used for tinder. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |
| Betula sp. White Birch |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark used to make muskrat callers. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |