| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Keres, Western Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of foliage used as a bath for rheumatism. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Keres, Western Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of foliage taken for rheumatism. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Keres, Western Other, Decorations Plant used for decoration at dances and in the house. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Klamath Dye, Brown Bark used as a tan dye for buckskin. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Klamath Other, Hide Preparation Bark used to tan buckskin. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Mewuk Fiber, Building Material Branches used to line acorn caches. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 346 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of fresh pitch applied to cuts. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Paiute Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Paiute Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Paiute Drug, Venereal Aid Compound decoction of resin taken for venereal disease. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Simple or compound poultice of warm pitch applied to sores or boils. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Shoshoni Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Tewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Resinous sap from main stem and larger branches used for cuts. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Tewa Other, Smoking Tools Twigs used for making pipe stems. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Washo Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Used for 'falling of the womb,' the 'whites' and weak backs in females. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abronia elliptica A. Nels. Fragrant White Sand Verbena USDA ABEL |
Hopi Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 75 |
| Abronia elliptica A. Nels. Fragrant White Sand Verbena USDA ABEL |
Hopi Drug, Sedative Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 36, 75 |
| Acer alba L. White Maple |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used as a cough remedy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Acer macrophyllum Pursh Bigleaf Maple USDA ACMA3 |
Hesquiat Other, Toys & Games White wood used to make rattles. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Potawatomi Other, Designs Leaves used as a pattern for bead and applique work. In making up a design for art work or bead work, a woman would burn deer antlers until they turned to charcoal and use this to rub on the backs of leaves. This surface was placed down upon a piece of white birchbark and rubbed until the shape and venation of the leaves were transferred to the birchbark. Then arranging with other leaves, a design would be formed which would be the pattern for the bead work. Oftentimes, this would be placed directly under the loom so that the form and outline of the finished bead work would be a true representation of the natural object. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 110 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves and stems mixed with white clematis and witch's broom branches to make a shampoo. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Bread & Cake Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Fodder Plant used for hay. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Porridge Seeds ground, mixed with meal and water and eaten as mush. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Apache, White Mountain Other, Cash Crop Plant gathered and sold. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Used for 'white swelling.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Used for flatulent colic, 'white swelling,' worms, yellowish urine and 'gravel.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Root and sarsaparilla root made into tea and used on gill nets to bring a fine catch of white fish. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Blackfoot Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of root used for colds and coughs. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Blackfoot Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root used for coughs and colds. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of root used for itch. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Cherokee Drug, Stimulant Infusion given 'to relieve and rally a patient at point of death.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of root used as a gargle. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy 'Will kill teeth of young people if not careful with it.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Chippewa Drug, Anticonvulsive Decoction of roots taken by children and adults for convulsions. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 130 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Chippewa Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of roots taken by children and adults for convulsions. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 130 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Iroquois Drug, Urinary Aid Decoction of roots taken when 'a man urinates blood.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 321 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Meskwaki Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root taken for childbirth pain. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237238 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Meskwaki Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of root taken for childbirth pain. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237238 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Meskwaki Drug, Stimulant Root used to revive and rally a patient at the point of death. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237238 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Meskwaki Drug, Urinary Aid Used as a genito-urinary remedy for men and women. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237238 |
| Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry USDA ACRUR2 |
Thompson Drug, Poison Red and white berried plant considered extremely poisonous. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245 |
| Aesculus pavia L. Red Buckeye USDA AEPAP |
Cherokee Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of pounded nuts used for 'white swelling' and sprains. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27 |
| Agave americana L. American Century Plant USDA AGAMA2 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Beverage 'Hearts' and roots pit baked, crushed and fermented into an intoxicating beverage. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 145 |
| Agave americana L. American Century Plant USDA AGAMA2 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Tubers pit baked and eaten. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Agave americana L. American Century Plant USDA AGAMA2 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Winter Use Food Tubers pit baked and stored for future use. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 145 |
| Agave decipiens Baker False Sisal USDA AGDE3 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Beverage Heart and tubers used to make a fermented drink. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Agave decipiens Baker False Sisal USDA AGDE3 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Tubers pit baked and eaten. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |