| Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens Stretchberry USDA FOPUP |
Jemez Other, Ceremonial Items Berry juice mixed with white clay and used as purple body paint for summer dances. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22 |
| Frasera montana Mulford White Elkweed USDA FRMO |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Abnaki Drug, Abortifacient Infusion of bark taken by women to provoke menses. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Abnaki Drug, Abortifacient Used as an emmenagogue. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Abnaki Fiber, Snow Gear Wood used to make snowshoes. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Abnaki Fiber, Snow Gear Wood used to make the frames of snowshoes. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 160 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Tonic of inner bark taken for liver and stomach. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of bark used to 'check discharge.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Chippewa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make handles for fishing spears. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a cathartic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 76 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Emetic Decoction of bark taken as an emetic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 76 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Liver Aid Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Blood Medicine Compound used for bad blood. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a physic. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 411 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice to syphilitic lumps. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound used for neck sores. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Ear Medicine Branch sap used for earaches. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Ear Medicine Infusion of plant, with another plant, used as ear drops for earaches. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Bark chewed to cause vomiting and clean out the insides, as a hunting medicine for deer. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Compound decoction of bark taken for stomach cramps. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Hunting Medicine Bark chewed to cause vomiting and clean out the insides, as a hunting medicine for deer. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Laxative Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Reproductive Aid Compound decoction of roots and bark taken to induce pregnancy. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 411 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Decoction of roots taken and applied as poultice to snakebites. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 411 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid Compound infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice to syphilitic lumps. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Veterinary Aid Compound decoction of plants mixed with feed as a laxative for horses. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Fiber, Basketry Plant used to make baskets. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Fiber, Furniture Plant used to make chair backs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Malecite Fiber, Canoe Material Used to make boat frames. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Malecite Fiber, Snow Gear Used to make snowshoes. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of bark used for sores, itch and vermin on the scalp. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Decoction of flowers taken as an antidote for a bite, probably a snake bite. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Meskwaki Fiber, Basketry Wood splints used for weaving baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Micmac Drug, Gynecological Aid Leaves used for cleansing after childbirth. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Micmac Other, Tools Used to make axe and knife handles. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Root bark used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Used to make canoes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Snow Gear Used to make snowshoes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Penobscot Drug, Gynecological Aid Strong decoction of leaves taken after childbirth for cleansing. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310 |
| Geum canadense Jacq. White Avens USDA GECAC6 |
Chippewa Drug, Gynecological Aid Root used for 'female weakness.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356 |
| Geum canadense Jacq. White Avens USDA GECAC6 |
Iroquois Drug, Love Medicine Decoction of whole plant used as a love medicine. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 353 |
| Geum canadense Jacq. White Avens USDA GECAC6 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound infusion taken or placed on injured part, a 'Little Water Medicine.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 353 |
| Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh American Licorice USDA GLLE3 |
Keresan Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of plant used as a wash for chills. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 561 |
| Gutierrezia sp. Snakeweed |
Keresan Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Infusion of plant taken as a ceremonial emetic. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
| Gutierrezia sp. Snakeweed |
Keresan Drug, Emetic Infusion of plant taken as a ceremonial emetic. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
| Hastingsia alba (Dur.) S. Wats. White Rushlily USDA HAAL2 |
Karok Other, Toys & Games Leaves put over the teeth to make a snapping sound for amusement. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Poultice of crushed plants applied to snakebites. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Staple Seeds used to make flour. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Hydrophyllum fendleri var. albifrons (Heller) J.F. Macbr. White Waterleaf USDA HYFEA |
Okanagon Food, Forage Thick roots eaten by cattle. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37 |