| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. consimilis var. oreophila (A. Nels.) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAO |
Hopi Dye, Green Bark used to obtain a green dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. consimilis var. oreophila (A. Nels.) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAO |
Hopi Dye, Yellow Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Apache, White Mountain Dye, Yellow Blossoms used as a yellow dye. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Yellow Flowers and buds boiled overnight and used as a yellow dye for basket material. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Yellow Flowers used as a yellow dye for wool. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Tewa Dye, Yellow Flowers boiled to make a yellow dye for woolen yarn. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Zuni Dye, Yellow Blossoms used to make a yellow dye. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Zuni Fiber, Basketry Stems used to make baskets. The outer bark was removed and the stems were covered with sand to render them more pliable. The stems were often dyed and some of the completed baskets were decorated with color. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAG |
Hopi Dye, Green Bark used to obtain a green dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAG |
Hopi Dye, Yellow Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAG |
Navajo Dye, Green Immature flowers, leaves or green bark boiled with heated alum and used as a green dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAG |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Mature flowering tops boiled with heated alum and used as a yellow dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. hololeuca (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAH |
Hopi Dye, Green Bark used to obtain a green dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. hololeuca (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAH |
Hopi Dye, Yellow Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. latisquamea (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAL2 |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Twigs and flowers used as a yellow dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAN5 |
Hopi Dye, Green Bark used to make green dye. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 303 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAN5 |
Hopi Dye, Yellow Flowers used as yellow dye. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 303 |
| Ericameria parryi var. howardii (Parry ex Gray) Nesom & Baird Howard's Rabbitbrush USDA ERPAH |
Hopi Dye, Green Bark used to obtain a green dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria parryi var. howardii (Parry ex Gray) Nesom & Baird Howard's Rabbitbrush USDA ERPAH |
Hopi Dye, Yellow Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Annual Buckwheat USDA ERAN4 |
Kiowa Dye, Unspecified Leaves rubbed on buffalo or deer hides in the process of staining and tanning. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 24 |
| Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Annual Buckwheat USDA ERAN4 |
Lakota Dye, White Blossoms, brains, liver or gall and spleen rubbed into hides to bleach them. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 54 |
| Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius |
Blackfoot Dye, Yellow Plant pieces used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113 |
| Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius |
Montana Indian Dye, Yellow Used for making clothing, bedding, yellow dye and yellow paint. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius |
Thompson Dye, Yellow Used to make a bright yellow dye. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Skagit Dye, Green Bark boiled and used as a green dye for mountain-goat wool. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Chippewa Dye, Blue Bark used to make a blue dye in a manner similar to that of blue ash. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139 |
| Galium boreale L. Northern Bedstraw USDA GACIC |
Cree Dye, Red Decoction of roots used as a red dye for porcupine quills. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53 |
| Galium boreale L. Northern Bedstraw USDA GACIC |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Red Root used as a red dye and set with alum. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
| Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. Stiff Marsh Bedstraw USDA GATI |
Micmac Dye, Red Roots used to make a red dye for porcupine quills. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 254 |
| Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydb. Alpine Spicywintergreen USDA GAHU |
Navajo Dye, Black Used to make a black dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 68 |
| Gaultheria shallon Pursh Salal USDA GASH |
Karok Dye, Black Berries rubbed over basket caps as a black stain. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Gaultheria shallon Pursh Salal USDA GASH |
Nitinaht Dye, Yellow Infusion of leaves used as a greenish-yellow dye. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
| Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Western Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOOB2 |
Cowlitz Drug, Tonic Infusion of plants taken as a tonic. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Western Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOOB2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of softened leaves applied to cuts and sores. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52 |
| Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Western Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOOB2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Reproductive Aid Leaves split open and blown on several times by women wishing to become pregnant. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52 |
| Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Western Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOOB2 |
Okanagon Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant chewed by women before and at the time of childbirth. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
| Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Western Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOOB2 |
Saanich Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of leaves used in the bathwater of sprinters and canoers as a liniment for stiff muscles. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77 |
| Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Western Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOOB2 |
Thompson Drug, Gynecological Aid Leaves chewed prenatally to determine the sex of a baby and to insure an easy delivery. If the mother could swallow the chewed leaf, the baby was going to be a girl, but if she could not, then it was going to be a boy. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 136 |
| Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Western Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOOB2 |
Thompson Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant chewed at childbirth to ease confinement. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Western Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOOB2 |
Thompson Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant chewed by women before and at the time of childbirth. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Cherokee Drug, Blood Medicine Compound decoction taken as a blood tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Cherokee Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of wilted leaves applied 'to draw out burn.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Cherokee Drug, Cold Remedy Cold infusion of leaf taken for colds. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Cherokee Drug, Dietary Aid Cold infusion of leaf taken with whiskey to improve the appetite. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Cherokee Drug, Dietary Aid Compound decoction taken to build the appetite. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Cherokee Drug, Emetic Taken with whiskey to improve the appetite and as an emetic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Cherokee Drug, Eye Medicine Ooze dripped into sore eyes. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Cold infusion of leaf taken for kidneys. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Infusion held in mouth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain USDA GOPU |
Delaware Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Used as a medicine for rheumatism. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37 |