| Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. Tanoak USDA LIDED2 |
Costanoan Dye, Unspecified Bark used to prepare dye. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 |
| Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. Tanoak USDA LIDED2 |
Tolowa Dye, Unspecified Bark used to dye baskets and fishing nets so the fish could not see them. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
| Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt. ex J.F. Gmel.) MacM. Hairy Puccoon USDA LICAC8 |
Chippewa Dye, Red Dried or pulverized roots boiled and used to make a red dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
| Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Narrowleaf Gromwell USDA LIIN2 |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Blue Roots used to make a blue dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
| Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Narrowleaf Gromwell USDA LIIN2 |
Montana Indian Dye, Purple Root used to produce a violet colored dye. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14 |
| Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. Orange Honeysuckle USDA LOCI3 |
Thompson Dye, Black Stems used as a black dye for bitter cherry. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196 |
| Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng. Twinberry Honeysuckle USDA LOINI |
Hesquiat Dye, Purple Mashed berries boiled to make a purple paint. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63 |
| Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng. Twinberry Honeysuckle USDA LOINI |
Makah Dye, Unspecified Fruit used as a dye for basketry materials. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 317 |
| Lupinus lyallii Gray Dwarf Mountain Lupine USDA LULYL2 |
Navajo Dye, Blue Flowers used to make a blue dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 57 |
| Lupinus lyallii Gray Dwarf Mountain Lupine USDA LULYL2 |
Navajo Dye, Green Used to make a green dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 57 |
| Lycopodium complanatum L. Groundcedar USDA LYCO3 |
Blackfoot Dye, Mordant Whole plant used as a mordant to set certain dyes. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16 |
| Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. Osageorange USDA MAPO |
Kiowa Dye, Yellow Outer portion of the roots yielded a yellow dye. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23 |
| Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. Osageorange USDA MAPO |
Pima Dye, Unspecified Inner wood and large roots formerly used as dyes. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 83 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Chehalis Dye, Yellow Roots used to make a yellow dye. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Makah Dye, Yellow Roots or possibly the leaves used for yellow dye. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Nitinaht Dye, Yellow Bark scrapings steeped and used as a yellow dye. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Okanagan-Colville Dye, Yellow Stem and root inner bark used as bright yellow dye for basket materials, wool and porcupine quills. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Salish, Coast Dye, Yellow Root bark shredded, boiled and used as a yellow dye for basketry. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Skagit Dye, Yellow Roots used to make a yellow dye. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Snohomish Dye, Yellow Roots used to make a yellow dye. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Thompson Dye, Yellow Outer bark boiled to make a bright yellow dye used for basket materials. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Yurok Dye, Yellow Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Havasupai Dye, Yellow Roots used as a yellow buckskin dye. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Dye, Yellow Roots used to make a brilliant yellow dye. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Roots and bark used as a yellow dye for buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 48 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Walapai Dye, Yellow Roots used as a yellow basket dye. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Apache, Mescalero Dye, Yellow Root shavings used to make a yellow dye for hides. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 49 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Klallam Dye, Unspecified Roots used to dye basketry material. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Makah Dye, Yellow Roots or possibly the leaves used for yellow dye. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Nitinaht Dye, Yellow Bark scrapings steeped and used as a yellow dye. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Skagit Dye, Unspecified Roots used to dye basketry material. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Snohomish Dye, Unspecified Roots used to dye basketry material. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Thompson Dye, Yellow Root bark boiled to make a bright yellow dye used for basket materials. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
| Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Oregongrape USDA MARE11 |
Blackfoot Dye, Yellow Roots used to make a yellow dye. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35 |
| Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Oregongrape USDA MARE11 |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Orange Plant used to make an orange dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47 |
| Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Oregongrape USDA MARE11 |
Karok Dye, Yellow Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
| Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Oregongrape USDA MARE11 |
Montana Indian Dye, Yellow Bark shredded, boiled and used as a brilliant yellow dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 18 |
| Mahonia sp. Oregon Grape |
Cowlitz Dye, Unspecified Roots used to make a dye. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia sp. Oregon Grape |
Makah Dye, Unspecified Roots used to make a dye. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia sp. Oregon Grape |
Nitinaht Dye, Yellow Formerly used to make yellow basket dyes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79 |
| Mahonia sp. Oregon Grape |
Wintoon Dye, Yellow Used to make a yellow dye. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Cherokee Dye, Yellow Bark used to make a yellow dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Navajo Dye, Red-Yellow Bark used to make a red yellow dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 55 |
| Mirabilis sp. Four O'clock |
Navajo Dye, Brown Petals boiled and used as a light brown dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46 |
| Mirabilis sp. Four O'clock |
Navajo Dye, Purple Petals boiled and used as a purple dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46 |
| Mirabilis sp. Four O'clock |
Navajo Dye, Red Petals boiled for about fifteen minutes and used as a light red dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46 |
| Mirabilis sp. Four O'clock |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Petals boiled for about fifteen minutes and used as a muddy yellow dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46 |
| Myrica gale L. Sweetgale USDA MYGA |
Ojibwa Dye, Brown In the fall, the branch tips grow into an abortive scale and boiled to yield a brown dye stuff. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |
| Myrica gale L. Sweetgale USDA MYGA |
Ojibwa Dye, Yellow Seeds boiled to obtain a yellow dye. Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 114 |
| Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. Sacahuista USDA NOMI |
Navajo Dye, Unspecified Plant used to make a dye for blankets. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |