| Juglans cinerea L. Butternut USDA JUCI |
Cherokee Dye, Black Young roots used to make a black dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
| Juglans cinerea L. Butternut USDA JUCI |
Cherokee Dye, Brown Bark used to make a brown dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
| Juglans cinerea L. Butternut USDA JUCI |
Chippewa Dye, Black Boiled with hazel to make a black dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
| Juglans cinerea L. Butternut USDA JUCI |
Chippewa Dye, Black Inner bark and a little of the root boiled with black earth and ochre to make a black dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
| Juglans cinerea L. Butternut USDA JUCI |
Chippewa Dye, Black Used with black earth to make a black dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
| Juglans cinerea L. Butternut USDA JUCI |
Chippewa Dye, Brown Root bark used to make a brown dye which did not need a mordant. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127 |
| Juglans cinerea L. Butternut USDA JUCI |
Menominee Dye, Black Bark boiled with blue clay to obtain a deep black color. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78 |
| Juglans cinerea L. Butternut USDA JUCI |
Menominee Dye, Brown Juice of nut husk used as a brown dye for deerskin shirts. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78 |
| Juglans cinerea L. Butternut USDA JUCI |
Ojibwa Dye, Brown Nut hulls used as best brown dye, because it was attained from the tree at any time of the year. Butternut was usually used in other combinations for brown and black colors. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |
| Juglans hindsii (Jepson) Jepson ex R.E. Sm. Hinds' Black Walnut USDA JUHI |
Pomo, Kashaya Dye, Black Nut husk used in dying bulrush root a black color for making basket design. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 117 |
| Juglans major (Torr.) Heller Arizona Walnut USDA JUMA |
Hualapai Dye, Unspecified Nut shells boiled and used as a dye. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 13 |
| Juglans major (Torr.) Heller Arizona Walnut USDA JUMA |
Navajo Dye, Brown Nut hulls used as a golden brown dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
| Juglans major (Torr.) Heller Arizona Walnut USDA JUMA |
Navajo Dye, Brown Young twigs used as a light brown dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Cherokee Dye, Brown Bark, roots and husks used to make a brown dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Cherokee Dye, Green Leaves used to make a green dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Chippewa Dye, Black Bark used to make a black dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Chippewa Dye, Brown Bark used to make a dark brown dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Dakota Dye, Black Nuts used to make a black dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Dakota Dye, Black Roots used to make a black dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Kiowa Dye, Blue-Black Roots boiled to make a bluish, black dye for buffalo hides. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Meskwaki Dye, Black Wood and bark charred to make the best black dye. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 271 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Omaha Dye, Black Nuts used to make a black dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Pawnee Dye, Black Nuts used to make a black dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Ponca Dye, Black Nuts used to make a black dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Winnebago Dye, Black Nuts used to make a black dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
| Juglans regia L. English Walnut USDA JURE80 |
Navajo Dye, Brown Nut hulls used as a golden brown dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
| Juncus mexicanus Willd. ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes Mexican Rush USDA JUME4 |
Shoshoni Dye, Green Roots used as green dye in basketry. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 8 |
| Juncus textilis Buch. Basket Rush USDA JUTE2 |
Diegueno Fiber, Basketry Split stems used in basketmaking. Allowed to dry, the stems were split three or four ways into splints and used as wrapping material for coiled baskets, or sometimes as a foundation material in openwork, coiled leaching baskets. Only the lower two feet of the plant, which grows up to eight feet tall, was gathered and used. The plant was collected at any time during the year, but if the centers of the stems were brown, it was not as good for basket making as when the centers were white. Basket designs were formed with the various natural shades of green, tan and brown found in the plant or it was sometimes dyed black. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 23 |
| Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Oneseed Juniper USDA JUMO |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Mordant Whole plant ash added to various dye baths as a mordant. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46 |
| Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Oneseed Juniper USDA JUMO |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Yellow Whole plant used to make a yellow dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46 |
| Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Oneseed Juniper USDA JUMO |
Keres, Western Dye, Green Green twigs rubbed on moccasins as a green dye. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Oneseed Juniper USDA JUMO |
Keres, Western Other, Preservative Twigs mixed with commercial dyes to prevent them from fading. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Oneseed Juniper USDA JUMO |
Navajo Dye, Green Bark and berries used as a green dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19 |
| Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Oneseed Juniper USDA JUMO |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Unspecified Needle ashes burned on rocks or in a pan and used as an ingredient for buckskin dye. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11 |
| Juniperus occidentalis Hook. Western Juniper USDA JUOCO |
Navajo Dye, Red Wood ash, mountain mahogany and black alder used as a red dye for buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19 |
| Juniperus sp. Juniper Wood |
Navajo Dye, Unspecified Bark, berries and twigs used for dye purposes. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 17 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Chippewa Dye, Red-Brown Bark used to make a mahogany colored dye for coloring cedar strips in mats. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
| Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes Littleleaf Ratany USDA KRER |
Papago Dye, Red Roots peeled, cut, split, boiled and used as a red dye for buckskins. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
| Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes Littleleaf Ratany USDA KRER |
Papago Dye, Red Roots used as a red dye for garments. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 48 |
| Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes Littleleaf Ratany USDA KRER |
Papago Dye, Red Used to dye cotton red. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60 |
| Krameria grayi Rose & Painter White Ratany USDA KRGR |
Pima Dye, Brown Dry roots ground, boiled in water and used as a brown dye for basket making. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 91 |
| Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Bog Labradortea USDA LEGR |
Iroquois Dye, Brown Plant used as a dark brown dye for wool. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 96 |
| Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Bog Labradortea USDA LEGR |
Potawatomi Dye, Brown Leaves used to make a beverage and also used as a brown dye material. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120 |
| Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Bog Labradortea USDA LEGR |
Potawatomi Food, Beverage Leaves used to make a beverage and also used as a brown dye material. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120 |
| Letharia vulpina |
Cheyenne Dye, Yellow Boiled in water and used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 3 |
| Letharia vulpina |
Karok Dye, Unspecified Used as a dye for porcupine quills. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Letharia vulpina |
Oweekeno Dye, Yellow Thalli used to make a yellow dye. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 49 |
| Letharia vulpina |
Yurok Dye, Unspecified Used as a dye for porcupine quills. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve Basin Wildrye USDA LECI4 |
Cheyenne Dye, Black Plants tied in bunches, burned, ash mixed in blood and used as a permanent black dye. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 8 |
| Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve Basin Wildrye USDA LECI4 |
Cheyenne Dye, Unspecified Used to make a dye. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46 |