| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Meskwaki Dye, Red Root cooked to make a red face paint and to dye baskets and mats red. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 271 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Ojibwa Dye, Orange Fresh or dried roots used as an orange dye to paint faces with clan marks. The roots were used in four or five combinations in dyeing various materials. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Ojibwa Dye, Red Roots boiled to obtain a red dye. Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 114 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Ojibwa Dye, Yellow Fresh or dried roots used as a dark yellow dye to paint faces with clan marks. The roots were used in four or five combinations in dyeing various materials. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Omaha Dye, Red Root boiled with objects as a red dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Omaha Dye, Unspecified Root used as a decorative skin stain. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Ponca Dye, Red Root boiled with objects as a red dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Ponca Dye, Unspecified Root used as a decorative skin stain. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Potawatomi Dye, Unspecified Root used as facial paint to put on clan and identification marks. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Winnebago Dye, Red Root boiled with objects as a red dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Winnebago Dye, Unspecified Root used as a decorative skin stain. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83 |
| Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla Softstem Bulrush USDA SCTA2 |
Meskwaki Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Long, bleached and dyed rushes used to make mats. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268 |
| Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla Softstem Bulrush USDA SCTA2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Rushes used for the best mats. The bleached rushes were immersed in water for a few days and then cleansed. They selected long rushes, with small diameters, so that the pith content was small. When the mat was in service, such fibers were not readily crushed. The rush, when gathered, is an intense green, white only at the base where it stands in water. All rushes were first bleached pure white, and afterwards colored as desired. They were pulled, rather than cut, in order to obtain the maximum length. When thoroughly bleached and dried, they dyed them with white men's dyes. Formerly they used native dyes, which they really preferred. The bleached rushes predominated in any rug, and were ivory-white in color. The finished rug or mat was three feet wide and from four to eight feet long, and sold for from $8 to $30 in 1923. The edge was bound securely with nettle fiber cord. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
| Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla Softstem Bulrush USDA SCTA2 |
Potawatomi Fiber, Basketry Entire, dyed stem used to make baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112 |
| Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla Softstem Bulrush USDA SCTA2 |
Potawatomi Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Entire, dyed stem used to make mats. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112 |
| Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. Silver Buffaloberry USDA SHAR |
Blackfoot Dye, Red Berries used to make a red dye. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of branches used as a hair tonic for dyeing and curling the hair. The branches were taken in July, broken up and boiled for two to three hours in water, until the liquid looked like brown coffee. The liquid was decanted off and bottled without further treatment, but did not deteriorate over a long period of time. To use, the decoction was rubbed into the hair, which was simultaneously curled and dyed a brownish color. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Sherardia arvensis L. Blue Fieldmadder USDA SHAR2 |
Cherokee Dye, Red Used to make a red or rose dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Smilax laurifolia L. Laurel Greenbrier USDA SMLA |
Seminole Dye, Unspecified Plant used to make buckskin dye. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 488 |
| Solanum douglasii Dunal Greenspot Nightshade USDA SODO |
Cahuilla Dye, Unspecified Dark berries used as a dye. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 140 |
| Solanum sp. Nightshade |
Costanoan Dye, Blue Fruits used to prepare a permanent blue dye for tattooing. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 253 |
| Solidago nemoralis Ait. Dyersweed Goldenrod USDA SONEN |
Gosiute Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 382 |
| Solidago nemoralis Ait. Dyersweed Goldenrod USDA SONEN |
Houma Drug, Liver Aid Decoction of root taken for 'yellow jaundice.' Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 66 |
| Solidago nemoralis Ait. Dyersweed Goldenrod USDA SONEN |
Iroquois Drug, Kidney Aid Decoction of roots taken for the kidneys. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 460 |
| Solidago nemoralis Ait. Dyersweed Goldenrod USDA SONEN |
Mahuna Drug, Burn Dressing Decoction of leaves used as a wash or poultice of leaves applied to burns. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 12 |
| Solidago nemoralis Ait. Dyersweed Goldenrod USDA SONEN |
Mahuna Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves used as a wash or poultice of leaves applied to skin ulcers. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 12 |
| Solidago nemoralis Ait. Dyersweed Goldenrod USDA SONEN |
Mahuna Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of plant used as a bath for the seven-year itch. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 12 |
| Solidago nemoralis Ait. Dyersweed Goldenrod USDA SONEN |
Mahuna Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of leaves used as a disinfecting wash for burns or skin ulcers. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 12 |
| Solidago nemoralis Ait. Dyersweed Goldenrod USDA SONEN |
Navajo Other, Incense & Fragrance Plant used as an incense. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 88 |
| Suaeda sp. Sea Blite |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves boiled, mixed with clay and used as a hair dye. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141 |
| Suaeda sp. Sea Blite |
Cahuilla Dye, Black Plants boiled in water and used as a black dye for palm mats. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141 |
| Symphyotrichum laeve var. geyeri (Gray) Nesom Geyer's Smooth Aster USDA SYLAG |
Keres, Western Dye, Unspecified Flowers mixed with white clay and used to dye wool or eggs. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 30 |
| Tagetes erecta L. Aztec Marigold USDA TAER |
Cherokee Dye, Yellow Flowers used to make a yellow dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Taxus canadensis Marsh. Canada Yew USDA TACA7 |
Micmac Dye, Green Leaves used to make a green dye. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
| Taxus canadensis Marsh. Canada Yew USDA TACA7 |
Montagnais Dye, Green Leaves used to make a green dye. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
| Tetradymia canescens DC. Spineless Horsebrush USDA TECA2 |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Yellow Flowers with two other plants used as a yellow dye for wool. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
| Thalictrum fendleri Engelm. ex Gray Fendler's Meadowrue USDA THFEF |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Black Upper branch ash used an Enemyway blackening. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28 |
| Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze Hopi Tea Greenthread USDA THME |
Hopi Dye, Red-Brown Flowers used as a reddish brown dye for basket making yucca fibers. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 15 |
| Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze Hopi Tea Greenthread USDA THME |
Hopi Dye, Red-Brown Used to make a fine reddish-brown basketry and textile dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98 |
| Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze Hopi Tea Greenthread USDA THME |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Orange-Yellow Boiled roots used as an orange-yellow dye for wool. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
| Thelesperma subnudum Gray Sand Fringedpod USDA THSUS |
Hopi Dye, Red-Brown Used to make a fine reddish-brown basketry and textile dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98 |
| Thelesperma subnudum Gray Sand Fringedpod USDA THSUS |
Navajo Dye, Orange Leaves, stems and blossoms used as an orange dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
| Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richards. Prairie Thermopsis USDA THRH |
Blackfoot Dye, Yellow Yellow petals rubbed on arrow shafts for coloring. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla Other, Protection Inner bark dyed and tied to pets to protect them from the dog eater. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Thompson Dye, Green Leaves and twigs used as a green dye. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501 |
| Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene Pacific Poison Oak USDA TODI |
Pomo Dye, Black Ashes rubbed on children to make skin color darker. The ashes were rubbed on those children who were fathered by a white man to make them look more 'Indian' in color. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
| Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene Pacific Poison Oak USDA TODI |
Pomo Dye, Black Charcoal or soot used for tattoo pigment. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
| Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene Pacific Poison Oak USDA TODI |
Pomo Dye, Black Juice used as a black dye for blackroot sedge. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 6 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Cherokee Dye, Red-Brown Bark used to make a rosy-tan dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Chippewa Dye, Red-Brown Bark used to make a mahogany colored dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |