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Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Cowichan Food, Special Food
Bulbs formerly served to guests at potlatches or winter dances.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Klamath Food, Pie & Pudding
Bulbs used to make pies.
Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 93
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Unspecified
Bulbs pit steamed and used for food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Nitinaht Food, Dried Food
Bulbs steam cooked, flattened and dried for future food use.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Nitinaht Food, Vegetable
Bulbs formerly steam cooked, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten as vegetables.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Round Valley Indian Food, Unspecified
Bulbs roasted or cooked and used for food.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 326
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Salish Food, Vegetable
Bulbs used for food.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Salish, Coast Food, Dried Food
Bulbs pit steamed, slightly dried and used for food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Salish, Coast Food, Vegetable
Bulbs pit steamed and eaten immediately as the most important vegetable food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Salish, Halkomelem Other, Cash Crop
Bulbs traded to the Nootka and Nitinaht tribes.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Salish, Straits Other, Cash Crop
Bulbs traded to the Nootka and Nitinaht tribes.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.
Large Camas
USDA CALEL6
Yuki Food, Unspecified
Bulbs cooked and used for food.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 326
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid
Decoction of roots taken to induce labor.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid
Infusion of grass taken for vaginal bleeding after birth and to help expel the afterbirth.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Blackfoot Food, Bread & Cake
Roots pit roasted and made into loaves.
Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Blackfoot Food, Special Food
Bulbs boiled and given in soup on special events.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Blackfoot Food, Unspecified
Bulbs roasted and eaten.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Blackfoot Food, Unspecified
Roots pit roasted and boiled with meat.
Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Blackfoot Food, Winter Use Food
Roots kept dry and preserved for future use.
Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Chehalis Food, Soup
Bulbs smashed, pressed together like cheese and boiled in a stew with salmon.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Clallam Food, Unspecified
Bulbs cooked in pits with meat.
Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Cowichan Food, Special Food
Bulbs formerly served to guests at potlatches or winter dances.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Flathead Food, Beverage
Boiled and used as a sweet, hot beverage.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Flathead Food, Sauce & Relish
Boiled with flour and eaten as a thick gravy.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Flathead Food, Soup
Simmered with moss in blood into a soup and used for food.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Flathead Food, Unspecified
Bulbs roasted and eaten.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Hesquiat Food, Vegetable
Steamed or boiled bulbs dipped in dogfish oil or whale oil before being eaten.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Hoh Food, Unspecified
Bulbs pit baked and used for food.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Karok Food, Vegetable
Bulbs used for food. Bulbs were dug up with a stick and placed in a pit two feet in diameter. Leaves of Vitis californica were placed on the bottom, a layer of bulbs and then another layer of Vitis californica leaves. Finally a layer of dirt was added and a fire built on top. The mush formed was pure white and eaten by itself.
Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Klamath Food, Dried Food
Bulbs stored for future use.
Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 93
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Klamath Food, Unspecified
Steamed bulbs used for food.
Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 93
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Kutenai Food, Unspecified
Bulbs roasted and eaten.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Kutenai Other, Cash Crop
Traded to the Blackfeet.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Unspecified
Bulbs pit steamed and used for food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Makah Food, Unspecified
Bulbs pit cooked and eaten.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Montana Indian Food, Bread & Cake
Oven baked bulbs squeezed into little cakes or pulverized, formed into round loaves and stored.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Montana Indian Food, Staple
Bulbs formerly fire baked and used as a sweet and nutritious staple.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Montana Indian Food, Sweetener
Bulbs formerly used as a sweetening agent.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Nez Perce Other, Cash Crop
Traded to the Gros Ventre and Crow.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Nisqually Food, Dried Food
Bulbs cooked, sun dried and stored for future use as food.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Nitinaht Food, Dried Food
Bulbs steam cooked, flattened and dried for future food use.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Nitinaht Food, Vegetable
Bulbs formerly steam cooked, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten as vegetables.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Okanagan-Colville Food, Dried Food
Bulbs pit cooked, dried and stored for future use.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Okanagan-Colville Food, Sauce & Relish
Bulbs pit cooked, dried, ground and mixed with water and butter to make a 'gravy.'
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified
Bulbs pit cooked, boiled with dried bitter roots and eaten.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Okanagon Food, Unspecified
Bulbs baked and used for food.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Paiute Food, Dried Food
Roots cooked overnight, dried and used for food.
Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Paiute Food, Pie & Pudding
Dried, ground bulbs made into a pudding.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 56
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Paiute Food, Unspecified
Roots cooked overnight and eaten.
Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102
Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
Small Camas
USDA CAQUQ
Paiute Food, Winter Use Food
Bulbs prepared, preserved in numerous ways and stored for winter use.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 56