| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Alaska Native Food, Dessert Berries mixed with sugar & water, beaten with hands into foam & used on desserts like whipped cream. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 146 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of hot water softened bark & pin cherry bark used to make broken bone plaster or bandage. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 203 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Infusion of bark used for a medicinal tea. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 203 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Bella Coola Food, Ice Cream Berries mixed with water, whipped and eaten as 'Indian ice-cream.' Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Blackfoot Food, Starvation Food Bitter berries eaten in lean times. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Drug, Dermatological Aid Berries, froth or jelly eaten to reduce injury from mosquito bites. The berries were ripe in June and were eaten at this time to reduce injury from mosquito bites: they seem apparently to feel that the occurrence of berries and mosquitoes simultaneously was a divine indication that one was an antidote for the other. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of branches used as a hair tonic for dyeing and curling the hair. The branches were taken in July, broken up and boiled for two to three hours in water, until the liquid looked like brown coffee. The liquid was decanted off and bottled without further treatment, but did not deteriorate over a long period of time. To use, the decoction was rubbed into the hair, which was simultaneously curled and dyed a brownish color. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of roots used in childbirth. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Drug, Laxative Decoction of stems taken for constipation. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 76 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Roots used for tuberculosis. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Food, Dried Food Berries dried for future use. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 76 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Food, Ice Cream Berries beaten by hand in a birch basket into Indian ice cream. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 76 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Food, Ice Cream Berries used to make a froth similar to ice cream. The berries were macerated. In this process, it was most essential that all grease be kept away and the utensils be kept perfectly clean. A smooth froth, almost like ice cream of light consistency, was formed, which was edible and to those accustomed to it of good taste. Sugar was added to sweeten. This froth appeared to be formed from the saponins which were admixed with the other components of the fruit. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 76 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Cheyenne Food, Preserves Fruit used to make excellent preserves. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 181 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Clallam Food, Ice Cream Berries whipped until foamy and eaten as 'Indian ice cream.' Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Ice Cream Berries used to make a froth similar to ice cream. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antihemorrhagic Infusion of roots taken for coughing up blood. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of plant applied externally for aching limbs and arthritis. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of plant applied externally to head and face sores. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Laxative Infusion of inner bark, scraped from the stem with a downward motion, used as a laxative. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of stems taken for venereal disease. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Poison Berries poisonous in great quantities. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 111 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Dessert Berries, water and sugar whipped into a foamy dessert. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 111 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Flathead Drug, Eye Medicine Bark solution used for sore eyes. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 53 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Flathead Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Roots used for tuberculosis. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Flathead Drug, Unspecified Wood used for drug purposes. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Flathead Food, Beverage Berries, water, sugar and lemon or vanilla used to make a drink. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 24 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Flathead Food, Ice Cream Berries used to make a froth similar to ice cream. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Gitksan Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Compound decoction of root taken three times a day for rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Gitksan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark, branches and leaves taken for chronic cough. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Gitksan Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of roots, stem and branches used as a wash for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Gitksan Other, Cash Crop Berries smoke dried and used for trade. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Gitksan Other, Cash Crop Berries used for trade. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Reproductive Aid Berries given to women in labor to ease the birth. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Dried Food Berries dried for future use. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Ice Cream Berries whipped into a froth and eaten as 'Indian ice cream.' Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Special Food Berries served at large gatherings, special occasions and feasts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Kitasoo Food, Ice Cream Berries whipped into 'Indian ice cream.' Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Kitasoo Food, Winter Use Food Berries canned for future use. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Kutenai Drug, Eye Medicine Bark solution used for sore eyes. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 53 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Fruit Berries whipped until white and frothy and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Lillooet Food, Ice Cream Berries used to make a froth similar to ice cream. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Makah Food, Dessert Berries used to make a frothy dessert. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 288 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Makah Food, Dessert Berries whipped into a froth and used as dessert at feasts. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Makah Food, Dried Food Purchased berries dried or canned for storage. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 288 |