| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of roots taken to induce labor. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of grass taken for vaginal bleeding after birth and to help expel the afterbirth. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Blackfoot Food, Bread & Cake Roots pit roasted and made into loaves. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Blackfoot Food, Special Food Bulbs boiled and given in soup on special events. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Blackfoot Food, Unspecified Bulbs roasted and eaten. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Blackfoot Food, Unspecified Roots pit roasted and boiled with meat. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Blackfoot Food, Winter Use Food Roots kept dry and preserved for future use. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Chehalis Food, Soup Bulbs smashed, pressed together like cheese and boiled in a stew with salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Clallam Food, Unspecified Bulbs cooked in pits with meat. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Cowichan Food, Special Food Bulbs formerly served to guests at potlatches or winter dances. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Flathead Food, Beverage Boiled and used as a sweet, hot beverage. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Flathead Food, Sauce & Relish Boiled with flour and eaten as a thick gravy. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Flathead Food, Soup Simmered with moss in blood into a soup and used for food. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Flathead Food, Unspecified Bulbs roasted and eaten. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Hesquiat Food, Vegetable Steamed or boiled bulbs dipped in dogfish oil or whale oil before being eaten. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Hoh Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit baked and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Karok Food, Vegetable Bulbs used for food. Bulbs were dug up with a stick and placed in a pit two feet in diameter. Leaves of Vitis californica were placed on the bottom, a layer of bulbs and then another layer of Vitis californica leaves. Finally a layer of dirt was added and a fire built on top. The mush formed was pure white and eaten by itself. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Klamath Food, Dried Food Bulbs stored for future use. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 93 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Steamed bulbs used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 93 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Kutenai Food, Unspecified Bulbs roasted and eaten. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Kutenai Other, Cash Crop Traded to the Blackfeet. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit steamed and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Makah Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit cooked and eaten. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Montana Indian Food, Bread & Cake Oven baked bulbs squeezed into little cakes or pulverized, formed into round loaves and stored. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Montana Indian Food, Staple Bulbs formerly fire baked and used as a sweet and nutritious staple. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Montana Indian Food, Sweetener Bulbs formerly used as a sweetening agent. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Nez Perce Other, Cash Crop Traded to the Gros Ventre and Crow. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Nisqually Food, Dried Food Bulbs cooked, sun dried and stored for future use as food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Nitinaht Food, Dried Food Bulbs steam cooked, flattened and dried for future food use. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Nitinaht Food, Vegetable Bulbs formerly steam cooked, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten as vegetables. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Dried Food Bulbs pit cooked, dried and stored for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Sauce & Relish Bulbs pit cooked, dried, ground and mixed with water and butter to make a 'gravy.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit cooked, boiled with dried bitter roots and eaten. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Bulbs baked and used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Paiute Food, Dried Food Roots cooked overnight, dried and used for food. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Paiute Food, Pie & Pudding Dried, ground bulbs made into a pudding. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Roots cooked overnight and eaten. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Paiute Food, Winter Use Food Bulbs prepared, preserved in numerous ways and stored for winter use. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Pend d'Oreille, Upper Other, Cash Crop Traded to the Kutenai. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Quileute Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit baked and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Salish Food, Vegetable Bulbs used for food. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Salish, Coast Food, Dried Food Bulbs pit steamed, slightly dried and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Salish, Coast Food, Vegetable Bulbs pit steamed and eaten immediately as the most important vegetable food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Salish, Halkomelem Other, Cash Crop Bulbs traded to the Nootka and Nitinaht tribes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Salish, Straits Other, Cash Crop Bulbs traded to the Nootka and Nitinaht tribes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Shoshoni Other, Cash Crop Traded to the Nez Perce. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Skagit, Upper Food, Unspecified Bulbs steamed in an earth oven and eaten. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 40 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Bulbs baked and used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Bulbs cooked and eaten. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481 |
| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Yuki Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit cooked and eaten. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 86 |