| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Gitksan Drug, Pulmonary Aid Poultice of compound containing bark used as a chest plaster for lung hemorrhage. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Green River Group Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of needles taken for colds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Hesquiat Drug, Dermatological Aid Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the hair and scalp because it smelled nice. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Hesquiat Drug, Dermatological Aid Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the scalp to prevent the hair from falling out. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Hesquiat Fiber, Clothing Boughs used by wolf dancers as decorative clothing. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Hesquiat Other, Incense & Fragrance Fragrant boughs placed under bedding as an incense. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Karok Drug, Tonic Infusion of needles taken as a tonic. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Branches and pollen used in purification rites and ceremonies. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of pitch taken for coughs and tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch and grease eaten or rubbed on sores and boils. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Laxative Decoction of pitch taken as a tonic and laxative. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Laxative Pitch and catfish oil taken for constipation. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Oral Aid Root held in the mouth for gum boils and canker sores. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Tonic Infusion of bark taken as a tonic to stay young and strong. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of pitch taken or pitch rubbed on chest and back for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Drug, Internal Medicine Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Drug, Unspecified Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Food, Candy Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Long, hard knots used to make halibut hooks. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Other, Incense & Fragrance Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dietary Aid Pitch taken for a loss of appetite. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken for 'bad stomachs' with loss of appetite and loss of weight. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Pitch taken for ulcers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gland Medicine Pitch mixed with deer marrow and applied externally each evening for goiter. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Other Branch tips chewed for allergies caused by water hemlock. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Strengthener Pitch taken for a general feeling of weakness. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Pitch taken for consumption. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used as a bedding base in the sweathouse. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagon Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagon Drug, Eye Medicine Gum used for sore eyes. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Paiute Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for beds. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Saanich Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch made into a salve and used for cuts and bruises. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Saanich Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch mixed with venison suet and used for psoriasis and other skin diseases. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Salish, Coast Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of pounded root bark used for falling hair and dandruff. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Shuswap Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Shuswap Drug, Panacea Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Shuswap Drug, Toothache Remedy Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Shuswap Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Shuswap Food, Beverage Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, made into a drink. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Shuswap Food, Candy Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, chewed. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes and gum used in corners of eyes. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Drug, Eye Medicine Gum used for sore eyes. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Infusion of boughs taken for any illness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Branches thought to be of help to young girl under 'magical spell.' Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509 |