| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of bark given to horses for diarrhea. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Gitksan Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Gitksan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Gitksan Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Gitksan Drug, Tonic Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Kutenai Drug, Dermatological Aid Gummy bark secretions used for cuts and bruises. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid Gummy bark secretions used as an antiseptic for wounds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid Gummy secretion from the bark used as an antiseptic for wounds and ulcers. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Pulmonary Aid Gummy secretion from the bark taken for lung troubles. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken for 'bad stomachs' with loss of appetite and loss of weight. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bruises. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Inner bark eaten as a medicine for 'shadow on the chest,' the beginning of tuberculosis. It made the informant very sick with aching, flu like symptoms, but after that, she did not develop tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Tonic Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Laxative Juicy inner bark taken for constipation. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of shoots and bark taken for stomach trouble. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of shoots and bark taken as a tonic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Pelotazo USDA ABIN |
Hawaiian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Flowers, root bark and other plants pounded, resulting liquid heated and taken for stomachaches. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69 |
| Acer alba L. White Maple |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used as a cough remedy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain Maple USDA ACGLG2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Cathartic Infusion of bark taken in the morning as a cathartic. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
| Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain Maple USDA ACGLG2 |
Thompson Drug, Antiemetic Decoction of wood and bark taken for nausea caused by smelling a corpse. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475 |
| Acer macrophyllum Pursh Bigleaf Maple USDA ACMA3 |
Klallam Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
| Acer negundo L. Boxelder USDA ACNEN |
Meskwaki Drug, Emetic Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 200 |
| Acer negundo L. Boxelder USDA ACNEN |
Ojibwa Drug, Emetic Infusion of inner bark taken as an emetic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353 |
| Acer nigrum Michx. f. Black Maple USDA ACNI5 |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of inner bark used for diarrhea. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Decoction of bark taken as an emetic. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Iroquois Drug, Laxative Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of bark applied as poultice for paralysis. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Micmac Drug, Cold Remedy Bark used for colds. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used for coughs. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Micmac Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Bark used for 'grippe.' Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Emetic Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Penobscot Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of steeped bark applied to swollen limbs. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Analgesic Infusion of bark taken for cramps. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of inner bark boiled to a syrup and used as a wash for sore eyes. Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 73 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Eye Medicine Inner bark boiled and used with water as wash for sore eyes. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound infusion of bark taken for 'female trouble' and cramps. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Hot infusion of bark given for measles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Iroquois Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of bark used as drops for sore eyes and cataracts. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Potawatomi Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of inner bark used as an eyewash. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Seminole Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269 |