| Artemisia sp. Sage |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of powdered plant used for swellings. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716 |
| Artemisia sp. Sage |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of powdered plant used for injuries. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716 |
| Artemisia sp. Sage |
Eskimo, Nunivak Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of powdered plant applied to injuries or swellings. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |
| Artemisia sp. Sage |
Keres, Western Drug, Diaphoretic Plant used as an ingredient in the sweatbath. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. Tilesius' Wormwood USDA ARTIT |
Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of dried, shredded plant applied to skin infections. Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 33 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Hopi Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for digestive disorders. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 34, 94 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Kawaiisu Other, Containers Used as preferred material for both hearth. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Tarlike lac gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Used as preferred material for foreshaft of composite drill for the fire making. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Klamath Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of herbage used internally for diarrhea. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Klamath Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of herbage used as a substitute for liniment. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Klamath Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of herbage used as an eyewash. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Klamath Other, Fuel Twig used as a twirling stick to produce fire by friction. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Klamath Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Klamath Other, Tools Dead stems used as twirling sticks. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of branches used for red ant bites. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaf decoction or powdered branches used for sores, cuts or wounds. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47 |
| Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. Giant Cane USDA ARGIG |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Used to make cane webbing, plastered with mud, supported with wood and used as a dwelling. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21 |
| Arundo donax L. Giantreed USDA ARDO4 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Reed, with tassels, used in the special pouch required for every chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Anticonvulsive Infusion of roots given to infants for convulsions. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 159 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of roots taken for fevers. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 159 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of roots given to infants for convulsions. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 159 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Chippewa Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound poultice of root applied to fractured bones. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Menominee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root eaten to protect 'weak stomach' so that desired food may be eaten. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 24, 25 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Potawatomi Food, Spice Root flavored meat or fish and rendered otherwise inedible food, palatable. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 96 |
| Asarum caudatum Lindl. British Columbia Wildginger USDA ASCAC2 |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried, powdered leaves rubbed on the hands as a deodorant. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165 |
| Asclepias californica Greene California Milkweed USDA ASCAC3 |
Kawaiisu Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried, powdered plant applied to spider bites. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
| Asclepias cryptoceras S. Wats. Pallid Milkweed USDA ASCRC2 |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of dried, powdered roots applied to sores. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 125 |
| Asclepias engelmanniana Woods. Eared Milkweed USDA ASEN |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Respiratory Aid Plant used for nasal congestion from a cold. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 36 |
| Asclepias eriocarpa Benth. Woollypod Milkweed USDA ASER |
Costanoan Drug, Dermatological Aid Milky juice used to reduce corns. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12 |
| Asclepias eriocarpa Benth. Woollypod Milkweed USDA ASER |
Costanoan Drug, Other Powdered, dried roots inhaled to cause sneezing. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12 |
| Asclepias eriocarpa Benth. Woollypod Milkweed USDA ASER |
Karok Food, Candy Milk stirred, heated, mixed with salmon fat or deer grease and used for chewing gum. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Asclepias eriocarpa Benth. Woollypod Milkweed USDA ASER |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Clothing Stem fibers shredded to make a woman's skirt. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 70 |
| Asclepias fascicularis Dcne. Mexican Whorled Milkweed USDA ASFA |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Poison Flowers considered poisonous. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 380 |
| Asclepias incarnata L. Swamp Milkweed USDA ASINI |
Menominee Food, Winter Use Food Cut, dried heads stored for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 62 |
| Asclepias involucrata Engelm. ex Torr. Dwarf Milkweed USDA ASIN14 |
Zuni Drug, Unspecified Dry powdered root and saliva used for unspecified illness. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 373 |
| Asclepias involucrata Engelm. ex Torr. Dwarf Milkweed USDA ASIN14 |
Zuni Food, Forage Plant favored by jackrabbits. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65 |
| Asclepias sp. Milkweed |
Kiowa Other, Decorations Dried pods gathered for decorative purposes. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47 |
| Asclepias speciosa Torr. Showy Milkweed USDA ASSP |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Clothing Stem fibers shredded to make a woman's skirt. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 70 |
| Asclepias subulata Dcne. Rush Milkweed USDA ASSU |
Pima Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 81 |
| Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail Whorled Milkweed USDA ASSU2 |
Hopi Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant used to increase mother's milk flow. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 36, 87 |
| Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail Whorled Milkweed USDA ASSU2 |
Zuni Fiber, Clothing Pods gathered when two thirds ripe and the cotton used for weaving clothing. The cotton was used for weaving beautiful white dance kilts, women's belts and other articles of clothing. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 77 |
| Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail Whorled Milkweed USDA ASSU2 |
Zuni Fiber, Cordage Coma made into cords and used for fastening plumes to the prayer sticks. The sticks were used as offerings and were planted in the fields and in sacred springs. An excavation was made in the bed of the spring in which the offerings were deposited with a stone attached and covered with soil from the bottom. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
| Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail Whorled Milkweed USDA ASSU2 |
Zuni Other, Ceremonial Items Coma made into cords and used for fastening plumes to the prayer sticks. The sticks were used as offerings and were planted in the fields and in sacred springs. An excavation was made in the bed of the spring in which the offerings were deposited with a stone attached and covered with soil from the bottom. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Meskwaki Food, Winter Use Food Dried buds stored away in paper bags for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256 |
| Asclepias tuberosa L. Butterfly Milkweed USDA ASTUT2 |
Delaware Drug, Gynecological Aid Roots administered to women following childbirth. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37 |
| Asclepias viridiflora Raf. Green Milkweed USDA ASVI |
Blackfoot Food, Soup Root pieces stored for winter soups. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
| Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal Common Pawpaw USDA ASTR |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
| Asplenium horridum Kaulfuss Lacy Spleenwort USDA ASHO4 |
Hawaiian Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of plant, other ingredients and coconut milk taken for impure blood. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 14 |
| Asplenium horridum Kaulfuss Lacy Spleenwort USDA ASHO4 |
Hawaiian Drug, Stimulant Scraped wood, other ingredients & water taken & used as wash for fainting spells & muscle stiffness. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 14 |