| Celastrus scandens L. American Bittersweet USDA CESC |
Oglala Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
| Celtis laevigata Willd. Sugarberry USDA CELAL |
Houma Drug, Venereal Aid Compound decoction of bark with powdered shells taken for venereal disease. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Navajo Dye, Red-Brown Leaves and branches boiled into a dark brown or red dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Houma Drug, Venereal Aid Compound decoction of bark with powdered shells taken for venereal disease. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Alabama Drug, Febrifuge Cold infusion of roots and inner bark taken for fever. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Alabama Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of root and inner bark taken for congestion. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 665 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Alabama Drug, Respiratory Aid Cold infusion of roots and inner bark taken for congestion. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Cherokee Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of bark given for whooping cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Cherokee Food, Unspecified Blossoms eaten by children. Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Delaware Drug, Antiemetic Infusion of bark used as a cold drink for vomiting. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Delaware Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of bark used as a cold drink for fever. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Antiemetic Infusion of bark taken for vomiting. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 74 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of bark taken for fever. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 74 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Kiowa Other, Fuel Slender stems used for fuel during the winter. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 32 |
| Cercis canadensis L. Eastern Redbud USDA CECAC |
Kiowa Other, Season Indicator Flower welcomed as a sign of spring. This plant was esteemed because it is one of the earliest shrubs to flower in the spring. The red or pink flowers which appear before the leaves gave rise to their saying 'pink flowers form into leaves.' Flowering branches were used in the homes to 'drive winter out.' Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 32 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Havasupai Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make fence posts. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Havasupai Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Havasupai Other, Tools Wood used to make tool handles. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Maidu Fiber, Basketry Peeled withes used as coarse twine and coil thread in the manufacture of baskets. Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Maidu Other, Decorations Unpeeled withes used as decorative coil thread in the manufacture of baskets. Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Febrifuge Bark used for chills and fever. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 356 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Mendocino Indian Fiber, Basketry Wood used for withes in constructing basket skeletons. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 356 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Mendocino Indian Fiber, Cordage Bark and wood of young sprouts used like thread or woof to twine in and out of twined baskets. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 356 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Mewuk Fiber, Basketry Used as the outside strands in coiled basketry. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Modesse Fiber, Basketry Used for the red design in baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Navajo Food, Unspecified Pods roasted in ashes and seeds eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Navajo Food, Unspecified Seeds roasted and eaten. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 56 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Navajo Other, Incense & Fragrance Leaves used as an incense in the Mountain Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 56 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Navajo, Kayenta Food, Unspecified Pods roasted in ashes and seeds eaten. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 28 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Neeshenam Fiber, Basketry Wood used for the woof in basket making. Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 375 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry Red bark used as design material for baskets. Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry Split strands used for basket body material. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry White, inner bark used in basketry. Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Basketry Strips of switch bark used for brown design or bark peeled to show the white used to make baskets. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 96 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Yuki Fiber, Basketry Red bark used as design material on twined basketry. Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Yuki Fiber, Basketry Used as basket material. Kelly, Isabel T., 1930, Yuki Basketry, University of Calfornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24:421-444, page 423 |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins California Redbud USDA CECAT |
Yuki Fiber, Sewing Material Wood, sapwood and roots used for sewing material. Kelly, Isabel T., 1930, Yuki Basketry, University of Calfornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24:421-444, page 423 |
| Cercis sp. Redbud |
Wintoon Fiber, Basketry Branches used in the making and decorating of baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 275 |
| Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CELEL |
Gosiute Drug, Burn Dressing Charred wood powder applied to burns. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 365 |
| Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CELEL |
Gosiute Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of powdered green wood applied to burns. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 350 |
| Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CELEL |
Havasupai Dye, Red Inner bark used as a red dye for buckskin. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222 |
| Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CELEL |
Kawaiisu Drug, Ear Medicine Dried, powdered plant exudation applied for earaches. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 18 |
| Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CELEL |
Klamath Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for the heads of fish spears. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
| Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CELEL |
Klamath Other, Tools Used as a root digger or Camas stick. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
| Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CELEL |
Klamath Other, Tools Wood used to make root diggers or camas sticks. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Isleta Dye, Red Root bark, alder root bark and wild plum root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Jemez Dye, Red Bark, alder bark and birch bark boiled together and used as red dye to paint moccasins. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Keres, Western Dye, Red Roots used as a red dye for buckskin. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Red Used as a red dye for baskets. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Burn Dressing Wood burned, the charcoal powdered and applied to burns. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |