| Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn. Yerba Mansa USDA ANCA10 |
Pima Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Poultice of wet, powdered roots applied for stomachaches. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 78 |
| Angelica lucida L. Wild Celery USDA ANLU |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Unspecified Stalks, with the outer sheet peeled off, eaten raw by children and adults. Only young plants were considered good to eat because older plant became fibrous and strong tasting. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37 |
| Angelica lucida L. Wild Celery USDA ANLU |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Unspecified Peeled stems and young leaves stored in seal oil for future use. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 16 |
| Antennaria rosea Greene Rosy Pussytoes USDA ANROR |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Roots dried, powdered, put into hot coals at winter dance & smoke used to drive away bad spirits. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75 |
| Antennaria rosea Greene Rosy Pussytoes USDA ANROR |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Roots dried, powdered, put into hot coals at winter dance & smoke used to revive passed out dancers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75 |
| Anthemis cotula L. Stinking Chamomile USDA ANCO2 |
Iroquois Drug, Other Decoction of plants given to children with 'red spots.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471 |
| Anthemis cotula L. Stinking Chamomile USDA ANCO2 |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of plants given to children with 'red spots.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471 |
| Anthemis cotula L. Stinking Chamomile USDA ANCO2 |
Yuki Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 94 |
| Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. Adam And Eve USDA APHY |
Catawba Drug, Analgesic Pounded, powdered, boiled roots used for head pains. Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188 |
| Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. Adam And Eve USDA APHY |
Catawba Drug, Dermatological Aid Pounded, powdered, boiled roots used for boils. Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Ear Medicine Decoction of root poured into ear for soreness. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 360 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound containing rind used by a woman with 'an injured womb.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Root, considered sacred, eaten during the medicine lodge ceremony. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Chippewa Fiber, Cordage Fiber considered the best available for making fine cordage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 140 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Modoc Fiber, Unspecified Used as a fiber. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Cold infusion used for 'flux.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Cherokee Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion taken for heart trouble. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound infusion of plants taken and used as a wash for poison ivy and itch. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Iroquois Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of roots taken before meals for the kidneys. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Compound used to detect bewitchment. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of root and leaves taken for diarrhea. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Decoction of root and leaf used as a 'power of persuasion at trade or council.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root chewed for stomach and bowel troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Love Medicine Seeds used with love medicine and for smoking. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Urinary Aid Compound containing root taken 'when the contents of the bladder are thick.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Other, Incense & Fragrance Ripe seeds used to perfume smoking tobacco. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 273 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root considered a good medicine for stomach trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Omaha Drug, Analgesic Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Omaha Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Omaha Drug, Love Medicine Pulverized seeds used as a love charm. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Omaha Other, Incense & Fragrance Chewed seed paste spread among clothing and used as perfume, especially by bachelors. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Omaha Other, Incense & Fragrance Chewed seed paste used among blankets or other effects by young men as perfume. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Pawnee Drug, Analgesic Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Pawnee Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Pawnee Drug, Love Medicine Seeds used as a love charm. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Pawnee Other, Incense & Fragrance Seeds used as perfume. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Ponca Drug, Analgesic Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Ponca Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Ponca Drug, Love Medicine Pulverized seeds used as a love charm. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Ponca Other, Incense & Fragrance Crushed seeds spread among clothing and used as perfume, especially by bachelors. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82 |
| Aquilegia elegantula Greene Western Red Columbine USDA AQEL |
Keres, Western Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of plant used as a blood purifier. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Chewed seeds rubbed on body & clothing for perfume & seeds used in a sachet & stored with clothing. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 71 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Thompson Drug, Strengthener Root smeared on people's legs to increase stamina before a race. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Thompson Drug, Veterinary Aid Root smeared on horse's legs to increase stamina before a race. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Yurok Food, Unspecified Sweet nectaries inside the sepal spurs bitten off and savored mostly by the younger people. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
| Aquilegia sp. Garden Columbines |
Thompson Drug, Strengthener Root smeared on people's legs to increase stamina before a race. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247 |
| Aquilegia sp. Garden Columbines |
Thompson Drug, Veterinary Aid Root smeared on horse's legs to increase stamina before a race. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247 |
| Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla USDA ARHI2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of roots taken for heart disease. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 205 |
| Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla USDA ARHI2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Infusion of roots used as a medicinal tea. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 205 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of roots given to children for kidney disorders. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 205 |