| Aesculus pavia L. Red Buckeye USDA AEPAP |
Cherokee Other, Good Luck Charm Nut carried in the pocket for good luck. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Cheyenne Drug, Febrifuge Powdered leaves rubbed on the body for high fevers. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 27 |
| Agave americana L. American Century Plant USDA AGAMA2 |
Apache Food, Dried Food Heads and young leaves roasted, sun dried and used immediately or stored. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10 |
| Agave americana L. American Century Plant USDA AGAMA2 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Winter Use Food Tubers pit baked and stored for future use. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 145 |
| Agave deserti Engelm. Desert Agave USDA AGDED |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Baked leaves dried and stored for future use. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
| Agave deserti Engelm. Desert Agave USDA AGDED |
Cocopa Food, Unspecified Crowns gathered and pit-baked. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 202 |
| Agave deserti Engelm. Desert Agave USDA AGDED |
Pima, Gila River Food, Dried Food Hearts dried and stored indefinitely. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4 |
| Agave lechuguilla Torr. Lechuguilla USDA AGLE |
Papago Other, Cash Crop Fibers and the cordage made from them bartered with the Pimas for blankets and cotton. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Fiber, Sewing Material Thorn used as needle and thread. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Crowns cooked, fermented in a vessel, ground, boiled and the liquor again fermented. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Juice fermented into a drink. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Juice strained and mixed with 'tiswin water,' a liquor of fermented maize. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Food, Candy Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Food, Dried Food Plant eaten dried. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Food, Substitution Food Used in absence of other foods. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Food, Unspecified Crowns used for food. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Other, Decorations Juice used by young girls to daub on their cheeks. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Other, Paint Juice covering pit stones after baking used to paint stripes on buckskin. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Other, Tools Stalk fashioned into hoe handles. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Other, Weapon Stalk used for a lance shaft. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache Food, Dried Food Heads and young leaves roasted, sun dried and used immediately or stored. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache Food, Dried Food Heads and young leaves roasted, sun dried and used immediately or stored. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Vegetable Stalks boiled, dried and stored to be used as vegetables. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 38 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Fiber, Sewing Material Thorn used as needle and thread. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Fiber, Sewing Material Thorn used as needle and thread. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Crowns cooked, fermented in a vessel, ground, boiled and the liquor again fermented. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Crowns cooked, fermented in a vessel, ground, boiled and the liquor again fermented. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Juice fermented into a drink. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Juice fermented into a drink. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Juice strained and mixed with 'tiswin water,' a liquor of fermented maize. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Juice strained and mixed with 'tiswin water,' a liquor of fermented maize. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Candy Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Candy Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Dried Food Plant eaten dried. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Dried Food Plant eaten dried. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Substitution Food Used in absence of other foods. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Substitution Food Used in absence of other foods. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Unspecified Crowns used for food. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Food, Unspecified Crowns used for food. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Other, Decorations Juice used by young girls to daub on their cheeks. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Other, Decorations Juice used by young girls to daub on their cheeks. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Other, Paint Juice covering pit stones after baking used to paint stripes on buckskin. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Other, Paint Juice covering pit stones after baking used to paint stripes on buckskin. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Other, Tools Stalk fashioned into hoe handles. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Other, Tools Stalk fashioned into hoe handles. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Other, Weapon Stalk used for a lance shaft. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
| Agave parryi Engelm. Parry's Agave USDA AGPAP5 |
Apache, Western Other, Weapon Stalk used for a lance shaft. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |