| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Oweekeno Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make tool handles, canoe bailers, masks and rattles. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Oweekeno Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make masks and rattles. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Oweekeno Other, Fuel Wood used as fuel for smoking fish. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Oweekeno Other, Musical Instrument Wood used to make rattles. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Oweekeno Other, Tools Wood used to make tool handles and canoe bailers. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark used as wash for skin diseases: sores, diaper rash, peeling or itching skin. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 19 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Quileute Drug, Antidiarrheal Raw cones eaten for dysentery. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Quileute Drug, Unspecified Infusion of bark used for medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Quileute Dye, Red-Brown Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Quileute Fiber, Canoe Material Green wood seasoned and used to make canoe paddles. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Quinault Dye, Red-Brown Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Quinault Other, Containers Bark used to line pots for storing elderberries. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Saanich Drug, Tonic Sap used as a tonic. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Salish, Coast Dye, Red-Brown Bark boiled to make a reddish brown dye and used to color fish nets, baskets, canoes and head rings. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten fresh with oil in spring. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Salish, Coast Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make dishes and spoons. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Salish, Coast Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrow points. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Skagit, Upper Food, Unspecified Sap used for food. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Skagit, Upper Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make canned food dishes, spoons and platters. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Skagit, Upper Other, Fuel Wood used as fuel for smoking salmon. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Snohomish Dye, Red-Brown Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of bark taken for colds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark taken for scrofula sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of bark taken for scrofula sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Food, Unspecified Sap taken from the inside of the bark only with the incoming tide and used as food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Other, Containers Bark used to line pots for storing elderberries. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of bark used as a wash for scabby skin, eczema and skin sores. One informant used a concentrated decoction of the bark as a wash for her uncle who had a severe allergic reaction to hops. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Dye, Brown Bark boiled in water to make a brown dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Dye, Red Bark boiled in water to make a red dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items. The dye was used to color mountain goat wool and other cloth and to deepen the color of basket materials such as bitter cherry bark. Skins were tanned and dyed simultaneously by soaking them in a cooled solution of the bark. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Dye, Red Bark used as a red dye. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Other, Fuel Wood used as a fuel for smoking meat. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Tolowa Dye, Unspecified Bark used to dye fibers. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Tolowa Fiber, Basketry Stems used in basketry. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Wintoon Dye, Red Inner bark chewed and used as a dull red dye. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Yurok Dye, Unspecified Bark used to dye fibers. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Yurok Fiber, Basketry Stems used in basketry. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Dye, Red-Brown Bark used to make a red tan dye. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Okanagan-Colville Dye, Red-Brown Bark and wood used to make red and brown dyes. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87 |
| Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Schott Giant Taro USDA ALMA11 |
Hawaiian Drug, Love Medicine Plant used as a stimulant, effecting a constant reminder to the one desired of his or her presence. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17 |
| Amanita muscaria Amanita |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 128 |
| Amaranthus acanthochiton Sauer Greenstripe USDA AMAC |
Hopi Food, Starvation Food Used numerous times to ward off famines. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
| Amaranthus acanthochiton Sauer Greenstripe USDA AMAC |
Hopi Food, Vegetable Cooked with meat and eaten as greens. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
| Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. Mat Amaranth USDA AMBL |
Hopi Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten for food. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
| Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. Mat Amaranth USDA AMBL |
Hopi Food, Vegetable Cooked and eaten as greens. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
| Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. Mat Amaranth USDA AMBL |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 96 |
| Amaranthus caudatus L. Love-lies-bleeding USDA AMCA3 |
Cocopa Food, Winter Use Food Plants cooked, rolled into a ball, baked and stored. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 200 |
| Amaranthus caudatus L. Love-lies-bleeding USDA AMCA3 |
Mohave Food, Winter Use Food Plants cooked, rolled into a ball, baked and stored for future use. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 200 |
| Amaranthus caudatus L. Love-lies-bleeding USDA AMCA3 |
Mohave Food, Winter Use Food Plants cooked, rolled into a ball, baked and stored. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 200 |