| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Fruit Fruit cooked in grease, pounded, mixed with raw fish eggs and eaten. Approximate proportions of ingredients were 1 tablespoon grease, 1 1/2 cups fruit and 2 tablespoons whitefish eggs separated from the adhering membranes. A little sugar was added for flavor. After the fruits were lightly cooked in grease, they were pounded until they were crumbly. They were then placed in a heavy cloth folded to make a sack and pounded with the back of an axe head. The fish eggs moistened the pounded fruit. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Arctic Other, Smoke Plant Leaves powdered, dried, used as a substitute for tobacco or mixed with the tobacco and smoked. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Ice Cream Berries stored in bear fat and cracklings or in seal oil and used to make ice cream. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Berries stored in seal oil, fish oil or rendered bear fat. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Flathead Food, Sauce & Relish Berries dried, powdered and used as a condiment with deer liver. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hanaksiala Food, Special Food Berries mixed with high bush cranberries or Pacific crabapples and featured at winter feasts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Koyukon Food, Winter Use Food Berries stored in grease or oil and eaten with fish or meat. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Dried Food Berries dried and stored for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Tanana, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Raw berries mixed with grease, dried or fresh, raw whitefish eggs and stored for later use. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Thompson Food, Fruit Washed berries fried in hot lard or salmon oil and used for food. The berries would crackle and pop 'just like popcorn.' They were the only berries prepared in this manner. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211 |
| Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Sticky Whiteleaf Manzanita USDA ARVIV |
Miwok Food, Winter Use Food Dried berries stored for winter consumption, chewed but never swallowed. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161 |
| Arenaria eastwoodiae Rydb. Eastwood's Sandwort USDA AREAE |
Hopi Drug, Emetic Plant used as an emetic for the stomach. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 34, 75-76 |
| Arenaria fendleri Gray Fendler's Sandwort USDA ARFEF3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Respiratory Aid Powdered root used as snuff to cause sneezing for 'congested nose.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
| Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa (Gray) Maguire Spreading Sandwort USDA ARLAS |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of powdered root put in nose to cause sneezing for 'congested nose.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
| Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. Silverweed Cinquefoil USDA ARAN7 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root mixed with catfish oil and smeared on painful places. Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 382 |
| Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. Silverweed Cinquefoil USDA ARAN7 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of root mixed with catfish oil and smeared on painful places. Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 382 |
| Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott Greendragon USDA ARDR3 |
Menominee Other, Sacred Items Root used in sacred bundles and gave the power of supernatural dreams to the owner. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 79 |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Jack In The Pulpit USDA ARTRT3 |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound infusion of powdered plants taken for cramps. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276 |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Jack In The Pulpit USDA ARTRT3 |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound of powdered plant and alcohol used as a liniment for sore joints. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 277 |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Jack In The Pulpit USDA ARTRT3 |
Iroquois Drug, Veterinary Aid Ground plant added to mare's feed to induce pregnancy and reduce listlessness. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 275 |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Jack In The Pulpit USDA ARTRT3 |
Meskwaki Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Seed used as a magical diagnostic medicine to predict recovery or death. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 202 |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Jack In The Pulpit USDA ARTRT3 |
Penobscot Drug, Poison Infusion of plant considered poisonous. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310 |
| Arnica cordifolia Hook. Heartleaf Arnica USDA ARCO9 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Love Medicine Roots used as a love medicine. Roots were mixed with a robin's heart and tongue and with ochre paint. The mixture was dried and powdered. The user went into the water and faced east, recited certain words, mentioned the name of the person he desired and marked his face with the powdered arnica mixture. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75 |
| Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.E. Robins. Armoglossum USDA ARAT |
Cherokee Food, Spice Powdered leaves used as seasoning. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
| Artemisia australis Less. Oahu Wormwood USDA ARAU3 |
Hawaiian Drug, Pulmonary Aid Leaves used as an ingredient in a medicine for lung troubles. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 7 |
| Artemisia australis Less. Oahu Wormwood USDA ARAU3 |
Hawaiian Drug, Reproductive Aid Leaves used as an ingredient for asthma medicine. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 7 |
| Artemisia biennis Willd. Biennial Wormwood USDA ARBIB |
Gosiute Food, Unspecified Seeds formerly gathered and used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 362 |
| Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. scouleriana (Hook.) Cronq. Pacific Wormwood USDA ARCAS5 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant ingredient. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 45 |
| Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. scouleriana (Hook.) Cronq. Pacific Wormwood USDA ARCAS5 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Disinfectant Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant ingredient. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 45 |
| Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth. Carruth's Sagewort USDA ARCA14 |
Zuni Food, Unspecified Seeds considered among the most important food plants when the Zuni reached this world. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21 |
| Artemisia douglasiana Bess. Douglas' Sagewort USDA ARDO3 |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of warmed leaves used on baby's severed umbilical cord. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 119 |
| Artemisia douglasiana Bess. Douglas' Sagewort USDA ARDO3 |
Yuki Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of plant given to injured animals. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 45 |
| Artemisia dracunculus L. Wormwood USDA ARDR4 |
Flathead Drug, Dermatological Aid Foliage dried, powdered and used for open sores. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 45 |
| Artemisia dracunculus L. Wormwood USDA ARDR4 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Cooking Tools Branches with leaves used as spreaders for drying salmon and to separate stored layers of salmon. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76 |
| Artemisia dracunculus L. Wormwood USDA ARDR4 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Insecticide Branches with leaves used as an insect repellent & stopped flies from laying eggs in stored salmon. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76 |
| Artemisia dracunculus L. Wormwood USDA ARDR4 |
Shuswap Drug, Stimulant Decoction of leaves and roots used as a bath for tiredness. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58 |
| Artemisia dracunculus L. Wormwood USDA ARDR4 |
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy Plant used as a wash for colds. The plant could also be boiled and the steam used for colds. The patient would lie in the steam while he was covered with a blanket. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169 |
| Artemisia dracunculus L. Wormwood USDA ARDR4 |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant used as a wash for colds, especially for babies and for chickenpox, to help the itching. The plant could also be boiled and the steam used for colds. The patient would lie in the steam while he was covered with a blanket. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169 |
| Artemisia dracunculus L. Wormwood USDA ARDR4 |
Thompson Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous 'if it enters the blood.' Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512 |
| Artemisia filifolia Torr. Sand Sagebrush USDA ARFI2 |
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used for boils. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32, 94 |
| Artemisia filifolia Torr. Sand Sagebrush USDA ARFI2 |
Hopi Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Simple or compound decoction of plant taken for indigestion. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 94 |
| Artemisia frigida Willd. Fringed Sagewort USDA ARFR4 |
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid Pad of the plant worn by women during menses to reduce skin irritation. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79 |
| Artemisia frigida Willd. Fringed Sagewort USDA ARFR4 |
Blackfoot Food, Spice Crushed leaves mixed with stored meat to maintain a good odor. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
| Artemisia frigida Willd. Fringed Sagewort USDA ARFR4 |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used as an ingredient in trap lures. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 30 |
| Artemisia frigida Willd. Fringed Sagewort USDA ARFR4 |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Attached to prayer sticks. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 94 |
| Artemisia frigida Willd. Fringed Sagewort USDA ARFR4 |
Isleta Food, Forage Plant considered excellent grazing plant for sheep and cattle. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Blackfoot Other, Good Luck Charm Used to cleanse a man entered in a horse race. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of plant boiled with 'any kind of weeds' and used on injured areas as a bone setter. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana Foothill Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Keres, Western Drug, Diaphoretic Plant used as an ingredient in the sweatbath. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana Foothill Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Omaha Drug, Hemostat Dried, powdered leaves applied to nostrils for nasal hemorrhage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334 |