| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Potawatomi Dye, Red Bark used to obtain a red dye. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Emetic Infusion of inner bark taken as an emetic. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 153 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Laxative Infusion of inner bark taken as a laxative. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 153 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Toothache Remedy Root bark mixed with molasses and used for toothaches. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 153 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Orange-Red Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Red-Brown Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Apache, White Mountain Dye, Red-Brown Bark used to dye deerskin and other skins a reddish brown. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Blackfoot Dye, Red-Brown Decoction of inner bark used to make a red-brown dye. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Blackfoot Other, Stable Gear Bark split, covered with raw hide and used to make stirrups. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Orange-Red Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Red-Brown Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Isleta Dye, Red Root bark, mountain mahogany root bark and wild plum root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Jemez Dye, Red Bark, mountain mahogany bark and birch bark boiled together and used as red dye to paint moccasins. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Keres, Western Dye, Red Soaked bark rubbed on buckskin as a red dye. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Klamath Dye, Orange Fresh or dried bark boiled and used as an orange dye for coloring horse hair ropes and cinches. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Navajo Dye, Brown Powdered bark used as a tan dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants. The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany. Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material. To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen. This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight. This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Navajo Dye, Red Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants. The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany. Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material. To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen. This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight. This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Red-Brown Bark used to dye buckskin a reddish-brown color. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Okanagan-Colville Dye, Red-Brown Bark and wood used to make red and brown dyes. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Tewa Dye, Red Bark dried, finely ground, boiled, cooled and used as a red dye for deerskin. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Zuni Dye, Red-Brown Bark used to dye deerskin reddish-brown. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80 |
| Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. White Alder USDA ALRH2 |
Wailaki Dye, Red Fresh bark formerly chewed and used as a red dye to color fishermen's bodies for successful fishing. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Bella Coola Dye, Red Bark used to make a red dye for cedar bark. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Bella Coola Other, Fuel Wood used as fuel for smoking fish. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of ground inner bark injected for biliousness. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Dermatological Aid Sap applied to cuts and decoction of bark taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Clallam Drug, Dermatological Aid Staminate aments chewed and used for sores. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Clallam Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Pistillate aments chewed and used for the stomach. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Clallam Drug, Pulmonary Aid Pistillate aments chewed and used for the lungs. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Clallam Food, Sweetener Sap mixed with soapberry whip as a sweetener. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Clallam Other, Cooking Tools Wood used for dishes and utensils. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Clallam Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Cowlitz Drug, Analgesic Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease 'aching bones.' Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Cowlitz Drug, Orthopedic Aid Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease 'aching bones.' Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Gitksan Drug, Analgesic Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and other maladies. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Gitksan Drug, Cathartic Bark used as a purgative. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Gitksan Drug, Cathartic Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and other maladies. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Gitksan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark and root taken in the morning for a cough. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Gitksan Drug, Emetic Infusion of stem bark used as an emetic and purgative for headache and other maladies. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Gitksan Drug, Unspecified Infusion of stem bark, not from root, taken for many maladies. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Haisla Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark used to make a wound dressing and wash. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Haisla Drug, Tonic Bark used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Haisla Other, Fuel Wood burned for boiling oolichan grease. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Preservative Wood used to smoke fish and meat. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Bark dyed red and used for ritual applications. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make dishes to serve oolichan grease. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Hesquiat Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of bark used to make a medicine for internal ailments. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Hesquiat Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of bark used to make a medicine for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Hesquiat Dye, Red Boiled, steeped bark used as a red dye for cedar bark and other items. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |