| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Nitinaht Drug, Internal Medicine Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of gum applied to open sores, insect bites, boils and infections. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 124 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Gynecological Aid Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 124 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Heart Medicine Roots used for heart disease. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 124 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Laxative Needles used to make a laxative tea. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 124 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Poultice Needles used for making poultices. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 124 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 124 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Penobscot Drug, Burn Dressing Sap smeared over burns, sores and cuts. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Klamath Dye, Brown Bark used as a tan dye for buckskin. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Klamath Other, Hide Preparation Bark used to tan buckskin. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Drug, Internal Medicine Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Other, Protection Boughs used by young girls to scrub the face & clothes so that they would not be bothered by bears. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Needles packed with stored items, saddle pads or burned in a household smudge. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch used alone for cuts or with Vaseline for sores. The pitch was smeared over injuries and covered with a bandage. In earlier times, animal fat was probably used in place of Vaseline Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Dried branches stored for use as a cold remedy. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried branches stored for use as a deodorant. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier Drug, Eye Medicine Poultice of pitch applied to injured eyes. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70 |
| Abronia elliptica A. Nels. Fragrant White Sand Verbena USDA ABEL |
Hopi Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 75 |
| Abronia elliptica A. Nels. Fragrant White Sand Verbena USDA ABEL |
Hopi Drug, Sedative Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 36, 75 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Building Material Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Havasupai Food, Bread & Cake Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood gathered while green, the heart removed and used in making bows, arrows and dipnet frames. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145 |
| Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain Maple USDA ACGLG2 |
Blackfoot Food, Spice Dried, crushed leaves used to spice stored meat. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Acer macrophyllum Pursh Bigleaf Maple USDA ACMA3 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Building Material Limbs used for house construction and considered good firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29 |
| Acer macrophyllum Pursh Bigleaf Maple USDA ACMA3 |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Limbs used for house construction and considered good firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29 |
| Acer macrophyllum Pursh Bigleaf Maple USDA ACMA3 |
Karok Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Leaves made into mats and used to cover the layers of dried salmon stored for the winter in baskets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
| Acer macrophyllum Pursh Bigleaf Maple USDA ACMA3 |
Thompson Food, Vegetable Sprouted seeds boiled and eaten as green vegetables. The sprouted seeds were generally bitter, but the young shoots were considered to be quite sweet and juicy. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147 |
| Acer macrophyllum Pursh Bigleaf Maple USDA ACMA3 |
Thompson Other, Cooking Tools Leaves used to line the containers used in making ripened salmon eggs. The maple leaves were used to line the basket and were placed in layers between the eggs. The eggs were generally prepared in a birch bark basket, placed in a hole in the ground lined with birch bark and left there until springtime when they were considered cooked. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Infusion of plant used as a medicinal tea. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 196 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant eaten by a moose with a broken bone to aid its healing. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 196 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Abnaki Food, Sweetener Sap used to make sugar. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Abnaki Food, Sweetener Used as a sweetener. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Sauce & Relish Sap used to make syrup. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 99 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Sweetener Sap used to make sugar. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 99 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Analgesic Infusion of bark taken for cramps. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion taken for dysentery. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion taken for hives. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of inner bark boiled to a syrup and used as a wash for sore eyes. Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 73 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Eye Medicine Inner bark boiled and used with water as wash for sore eyes. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound infusion of bark taken for 'female trouble' and cramps. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Hot infusion of bark given for measles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Fiber, Basketry Used to make baskets. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Wood used for lumber. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make furniture. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Cherokee Other, Decorations Wood used to carve. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |