| Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Sitka Valerian USDA VASI |
Thompson Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Veratrum viride Ait. American False Hellebore USDA VEVI |
Gitksan Drug, Other Smoke used to assist the spirits of sleepwalkers to return to their bodies. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26 |
| Veratrum viride Ait. American False Hellebore USDA VEVI |
Kitasoo Other, Protection Roots and rhizomes burned and smoke used as protection from ghosts and 'demons.' Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 323 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Hopi Drug, Anticonvulsive Leaves smoked with onosmodium for 'fits,' craziness and witchcraft. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 92 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Hopi Drug, Psychological Aid Compound of plant smoked by persons not in their 'right mind.' Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Hopi Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Compound of plant smoked as cure for persons 'with power to charm.' Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Iroquois Drug, Anticonvulsive Dried leaves smoked for bad hiccoughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Iroquois Drug, Respiratory Aid Dried leaves smoked for catarrh and asthma. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 431 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Dried leaves smoked for consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 432 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Isleta Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used as a ceremonial tobacco. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Malecite Drug, Respiratory Aid Plants smoked and used for catarrh. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Menominee Other, Smoke Plant Leaf gathered and smoked as an Indian tobacco. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 53 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Mohegan Drug, Respiratory Aid Dried leaves smoked for asthma. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 77, 132 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Mohegan Drug, Respiratory Aid Leaves smoked for asthma. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Mohegan Drug, Throat Aid Dried leaves smoked for sore throat. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 77, 132 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Mohegan Drug, Throat Aid Leaves smoked for sore throat. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Navajo Drug, Veterinary Aid Plants 'lighted and smoked for worms in sheep's nose.' Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 156 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Leaves smoked for cough. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Febrifuge Leaves smoked for fever. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Psychological Aid Dried leaves smoked in corn husk 'to clear the mind if lost.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 45 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Penobscot Drug, Respiratory Aid Dried, powdered leaves smoked for asthma. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Potawatomi Drug, Respiratory Aid Dried leaves smoked in a pipe for asthma and smudged leaves inhaled for catarrh. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 83, 84 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein USDA VETH |
Thompson Other, Smoke Plant Leaf used for smoking. It was cautioned that too much smoking of this plant was poisonous. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 287 |
| Viburnum dentatum var. dentatum Southern Arrowwood USDA VIDED4 |
Ojibwa Other, Smoke Plant Bark furnished one of the ingredients of kinnikinnick. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
| Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. American Vetch USDA VIAMA3 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant smoked by horse to increase the horse's endurance. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 29 |
| Vicia faba L. Horsebean USDA VIFA |
Navajo Other, Smoke Plant Crushed leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 59 |
| Yucca glauca Nutt. Small Soapweed USDA YUGLG2 |
Omaha Drug, Unspecified Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified illnesses. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Yucca glauca Nutt. Small Soapweed USDA YUGLG2 |
Pawnee Drug, Herbal Steam Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified illnesses. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. Common Pricklyash USDA ZAAM |
Iroquois Drug, Analgesic Bark smoked for toothaches or neuralgia. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 367 |
| Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. Common Pricklyash USDA ZAAM |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark smoked, chewed or placed into the tooth for toothaches. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 368 |
| Zea mays L. Corn USDA ZEMAM2 |
Kiowa Other, Smoke Plant Shucks used for cigarette wrappings and used in the peyote ceremony. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17 |
| Zea mays L. Corn USDA ZEMAM2 |
Navajo Other, Smoke Plant Husks used for cigarette papers. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |
| Zea mays L. Corn USDA ZEMAM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Smoke Plant Dry husks of young corn used to roll cigarettes, when paper not available. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18 |
| Zea mays L. Corn USDA ZEMAM2 |
Tewa Other, Smoke Plant Husks made into cigarettes. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
| Zinnia grandiflora Nutt. Rocky Mountain Zinnia USDA ZIGR |
Zuni Drug, Febrifuge Smoke from powdered plant inhaled in sweatbath for fever. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45 |