| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of roots applied to wounds. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Blackfoot Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of roots used for sore or swollen eyes. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Blackfoot Drug, Oral Aid Infusion of roots used as a mouthwash for cankers. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Blackfoot Drug, Respiratory Aid Scraped roots mixed with tobacco and smoked to 'clear the head.' Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Blackfoot Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of roots used as a mouthwash for sore throats. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Blackfoot Drug, Tonic Leaves dried, crushed, mixed with other medicines and used as a tonic. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of roots used for bleeding and promoted rapid healing on horse boils and castration wounds. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Ripe seeds crushed and used as perfume. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of roots taken for colds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dietary Aid Infusion of roots taken for the lack of appetite due to 'poor blood.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of roots taken for fevers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of roots taken by women to 'heal her insides' from a vaginal yeast infection. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Love Medicine Infusion of roots taken as a love potion by a woman who wanted to win back the affections of a man. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of roots taken for flu. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root used as a wash for pain. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Drug, Analgesic Plants used in the sweatbath for aching joints and sore, stiff muscles. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Plants used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and stiff joints and muscles. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of whole plant used as a wash after the purifying sweatbath. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Drug, Herbal Steam Plants steamed in the sweatbath for rheumatism and joint and muscle stiffness. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Drug, Herbal Steam Plants used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and stiff joints and muscles. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of root used as a wash for body stiffness. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Plants used in the sweatbath for sprains, aching and stiff joints and muscles. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of root taken as a tonic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Geum triflorum Pursh Prairiesmoke USDA GETRT |
Thompson Food, Beverage Roots boiled and drunk as tea. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493 |
| Gilia leptomeria Gray Sand Gilia USDA GILE3 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Tonic Infusion of plant taken or plant smoked as a tonic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 38 |
| Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby Broom Snakeweed USDA GUSA2 |
Jemez Other, Insecticide Plant placed upon a slow fire and smoke destroyed bees. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shoshoni Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of root in whiskey taken and smoke of root compound inhaled for colds. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Winnebago Drug, Anticonvulsive Plant tops used in smoke treatment for convulsions. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Winnebago Drug, Stimulant Plant tops used in smoke treatment for fainting. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanillagrass USDA HIALA |
Blackfoot Drug, Cold Remedy Burning leaf smoke inhaled for colds. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20 |
| Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanillagrass USDA HIALA |
Blackfoot Drug, Cold Remedy Smoke from burning leaves used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28 |
| Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanillagrass USDA HIALA |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Leaves ceremonially smoked with tobacco. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28 |
| Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanillagrass USDA HIALA |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Smoke from burning grass used to purify Sundance dancers. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28 |
| Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanillagrass USDA HIALA |
Cheyenne Other, Ceremonial Items Smoke from burning grass used for purification of rattles, sacred shields and Sundance dancers. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28 |
| Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanillagrass USDA HIALA |
Sioux Other, Ceremonial Items Leaves ceremonially smoked with tobacco. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28 |
| Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanillagrass USDA HIALA |
Sioux Other, Ceremonial Items Smoke from burning grass used to purify Sundance dancers. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28 |
| Ipomoea leptophylla Torr. Bush Morningglory USDA IPLE |
Pawnee Drug, Sedative Root used in smoke treatment for nervousness and bad dreams. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110 |
| Ipomopsis multiflora (Nutt.) V. Grant Manyflowered Gilia USDA IPMU3 |
Zuni Drug, Pulmonary Aid Crushed blossoms smoked in corn husks to 'relieve strangulation.' Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 52 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Respiratory Aid Blue berries smoked in a pipe for asthma. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 41 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Good Luck Charm Used as a 'good luck' smoke for hunters. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Smoke Plant Dried fruits added to flavor tobacco. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Oneseed Juniper USDA JUMO |
Keres, Western Other, Ceremonial Items Cedar wood fire smoke used to fumigate property of the deceased. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Oneseed Juniper USDA JUMO |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction or smoke of various plant parts used for childbirth difficulties. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11, 12 |
| Juniperus pinchotii Sudsworth Pinchot's Juniper USDA JUPI |
Comanche Drug, Analgesic Dried leaves sprinkled on live coals and smoke inhaled for headache. Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 3 |
| Juniperus pinchotii Sudsworth Pinchot's Juniper USDA JUPI |
Comanche Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Dried leaves sprinkled on live coals and smoke inhaled for ghost sickness. Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 3 |
| Juniperus pinchotii Sudsworth Pinchot's Juniper USDA JUPI |
Comanche Drug, Other Dried leaves sprinkled on live coals and smoke inhaled for vertigo. Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 3 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Cheyenne Other, Protection Plant burned and smoke used for protection from thunder and lightning. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Flathead Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant burned and smoke used to purify the air and ward off illness. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Flathead Drug, Veterinary Aid Leaves placed on hot coals and smoke used for sick horses. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Kutenai Drug, Cold Remedy Plant burned and smoke used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |