| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Paiute Drug, Respiratory Aid Pulverized roots smoked alone or in compound for asthma. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Paiute Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound of pulverized roots smoked for tuberculosis. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Paiute Drug, Veterinary Aid Root smoke inhaled by horses for distemper. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Shoshoni Drug, Pulmonary Aid Pulverized roots smoked to clear lungs and nasal passages. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Shoshoni Drug, Respiratory Aid Pulverized roots smoked for asthma. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Shoshoni Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound of pulverized roots smoked for tuberculosis. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Shoshoni Drug, Veterinary Aid Smoke from root alone or in compound inhaled by horses for distemper. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Washo Drug, Pulmonary Aid Pulverized roots smoked to clear lungs and nasal passages. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Washo Drug, Respiratory Aid Pulverized roots smoked for asthma. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose Bigseed Biscuitroot USDA LOMA3 |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Smoke from burning roots or decoction of roots inhaled by horses for distemper. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26 |
| Lycopodium sp. Club Moss |
Iroquois Drug, Hemostat Smoke (spores) from plant sprinkled on nosebleed. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 262 |
| Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John American Skunkcabbage USDA LYAM3 |
Gitksan Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Smoke of root inhaled for influenza, rheumatism and bad dreams. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53 |
| Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John American Skunkcabbage USDA LYAM3 |
Gitksan Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Smoke from burning roots inhaled for influenza and bad dreams. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53 |
| Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John American Skunkcabbage USDA LYAM3 |
Gitksan Drug, Sedative Smoke of root inhaled for bad dreams, influenza and rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 52, 53 |
| Macrocystis integrifolia Bory Giant Kelp |
Heiltzuk Other, Cash Crop Plant traded for oolichan grease and smoked oolichans. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 127 |
| Macrocystis integrifolia Bory Giant Kelp |
Kitkatla Other, Cash Crop Plant traded for oolichan grease and smoked oolichans. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 127 |
| Macromeria viridiflora DC. Gianttrumpets USDA MAVIV |
Hopi Drug, Anticonvulsive Dried plant and mullein smoked for 'fits,' craziness and witchcraft. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 88 |
| Macromeria viridiflora DC. Gianttrumpets USDA MAVIV |
Hopi Drug, Psychological Aid Compound of plant smoked by persons not in their 'right mind.' Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 88 |
| Macromeria viridiflora DC. Gianttrumpets USDA MAVIV |
Hopi Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Compound of plant smoked as a cure for persons with 'power to charm.' Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 88 |
| Maianthemum canadense Desf. Canada Beadruby USDA MACA4 |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Smoke inhaled for unspecified purpose. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374 |
| Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum Feather Solomon's Seal USDA MARAR |
Meskwaki Drug, Stimulant Smudge used to 'smoke patient for five minutes' and revive him. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 230231 |
| Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitestem Blazingstar USDA MEAL6 |
Hopi Other, Smoke Plant Plant used as substitute for tobacco. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 335 |
| Mentzelia pumila Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray Dwarf Mentzelia USDA MEPUP |
Hopi Other, Smoke Plant Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 85 |
| Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray Colorado Four O'clock USDA MIMUM |
Keres, Western Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves used as tobacco. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 54 |
| Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. Heartleaf Four O'clock USDA MINY |
Keres, Western Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used as tobacco. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
| Mitchella repens L. Partridgeberry USDA MIRE |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves smoked during ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 239 |
| Morella cerifera (L.) Small Southern Bayberry USDA MOCE2 |
Seminole Other, Smoke Plant Plant used as a tobacco substitute. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
| Nepeta cataria L. Catnip USDA NECA2 |
Shinnecock Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Dried leaves smoked in a pipe for rheumatism. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 119 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant smoked in the medicine ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Blackfoot Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used for smoking. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 52 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Coahuilla Other, Smoke Plant Leaves pounded, mixed with water, chewed and used as a smoking material. Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 74 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Gosiute Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 375 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Havasupai Other, Smoke Plant Leaves smoked for pleasure. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 240 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Hopi Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant smoked for all ceremonial occasions. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 19 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Plant smoked in pipes for ceremonial purposes only. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 90 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Hopi Other, Smoke Plant Used for smoking. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 109 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Hopi Other, Smoke Plant Used very much. Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 166 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Kawaiisu Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried, pulverized, powdered, mixed with liquid, formed into cakes and smoked in hollow stems. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Klamath Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used for smoking. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Mewuk Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Midoo Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Smoked after the feast following the completion of the masks for the Night Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 75 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Analgesic Leaves smoked in corn husks for headache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant smoked in corn husks for ceremonial purposes. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Leaves smoked in corn husks for cough. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Smoke Plant Plant used as substitute for commercial tobacco. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used for smoking. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Okanagon Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried, greased, mixed with leaves of other plants and smoked. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Dried leaves smoked alone or in a compound for colds and asthma. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Leaves smoked during sweathouse bathing and prayer, connected with spiritual power. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 108 |