| Cornus amomum P. Mill. Silky Dogwood USDA COAM2 |
Pawnee Other, Smoke Plant Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Cornus amomum P. Mill. Silky Dogwood USDA COAM2 |
Ponca Other, Smoke Plant Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Cornus amomum P. Mill. Silky Dogwood USDA COAM2 |
Ponca Other, Smoke Plant Inner bark used as an additive to tobacco. Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 47 |
| Cornus amomum P. Mill. Silky Dogwood USDA COAM2 |
Winnebago Other, Smoke Plant Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Cornus canadensis L. Bunchberry Dogwood USDA COCA13 |
Hoh Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Cornus canadensis L. Bunchberry Dogwood USDA COCA13 |
Quileute Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Cornus foemina P. Mill. Stiff Dogwood USDA COFO |
Micmac Other, Smoke Plant Dried bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
| Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray Pacific Dogwood USDA CONU4 |
Hoh Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray Pacific Dogwood USDA CONU4 |
Quileute Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray Pacific Dogwood USDA CONU4 |
Salish, Coast Other, Smoke Plant Bark occasionally mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 81 |
| Cornus racemosa Lam. Gray Dogwood USDA CORA6 |
Meskwaki Other, Smoke Plant Smoked at ceremonies. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272 |
| Cornus racemosa Lam. Gray Dogwood USDA CORA6 |
Ojibwa Other, Smoke Plant Bark used to make kinnikinnick for smoking. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
| Cornus racemosa Lam. Gray Dogwood USDA CORA6 |
Ojibwa Other, Smoke Plant Peeled, toasted, shredded twig bark used in the kinnikinnick or native smoking tobacco. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
| Cornus rugosa Lam. Roundleaf Dogwood USDA CORU |
Chippewa Other, Smoke Plant Used for smoking. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Cornus sericea L. Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Bark smoked for various ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg Western Dogwood USDA COSEO |
Hoh Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg Western Dogwood USDA COSEO |
Quileute Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg Western Dogwood USDA COSEO |
Thompson Other, Smoke Plant Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Abnaki Other, Smoke Plant Bark used for smoking. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 159 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Abnaki Other, Smoke Plant Shredded bark used for smoking. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Blackfoot Other, Smoke Plant Dried cambium greased, crushed and mixed with smoking tobacco. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Blackfoot Other, Smoke Plant Inner bark used in the tobacco mixture. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Carrier Drug, Pulmonary Aid Bark scraped, mixed with tobacco and smoked for lung sickness. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 71 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Cheyenne Other, Ceremonial Items Plant smoked ceremonially. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 23 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant Bark mixed with dried kinnikinnick leaves and used for pipe smoking. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant Dried, pulverized under bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant Inner bark mixed with skunkbush leaves in the absence of tobacco and smoked. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Cree Other, Smoke Plant Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Smoke Plant Dried inner bark pulverized, mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Dakota Other, Smoke Plant Plant used for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Gosiute Other, Smoke Plant Inner bark smoked as a tobacco. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Great Basin Indian Other, Smoke Plant Winter bark used to make kinnikinnick. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Bark smoked for every ailment. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 404 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Lakota Other, Smoke Plant Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Lakota Other, Smoke Plant Inner bark mixed with tobacco and smoked. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Malecite Drug, Analgesic Plants mixed with spikenard roots and smoked for headaches. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Malecite Drug, Respiratory Aid Plants smoked and used for catarrh. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Montana Indian Other, Smoke Plant Inner bark dried and mixed with tobacco as a substitute for kinnikinnick. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Bark smoked for various ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cold Remedy Inner bark dried, mixed with kinnikinnick or tobacco and smoked for colds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Smoke Plant Inner bark dried, mixed with kinnikinnick or tobacco and smoked. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Okanagon Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Omaha Other, Smoke Plant Plant used for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Ponca Other, Smoke Plant Plant used for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Potawatomi Other, Smoke Plant Toasted, shredded bark used as kinnikinnick or smoking material. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 118 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Shuswap Food, Preservative Used with narrow leaf cottonwood to smoke salmon. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Shuswap Other, Smoke Plant Scraped bark used with tobacco. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Thompson Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Thompson Other, Smoke Plant Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
| Corydalis aurea Willd. Scrambledeggs USDA COAU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Root smoke inhaled to clear the head and revive the patient. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 370 |