| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Protection Boughs considered an extremely powerful medicine for combating evil spirits associated with death. When a person died, his family used the boughs to fumigate the house. All the doors and windows were closed and the boughs were burned and the smoke allowed to fill all the rooms. This treatment was made even more effective by adding rose branches to the juniper. After the smoke treatment, rose and juniper branches were boiled together and the water used to wash the entire house--lights, windows, floors, walls and ceilings. This wash water was then taken outside and splashed all around the house and along the trails leading to the outbuildings to prevent the spirit of the dead person from coming back to the house. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Sioux Drug, Cold Remedy Plant burned and smoke used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36 |
| Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain Juniper USDA JUSC2 |
Thompson Drug, Disinfectant Decoction or infusion of plant used to disinfect the house after an illness or death. The decoction was used to scrub the floors, walls and furniture after an illness or death in the house. It was also used to wash the deceased person's bedding and clothing as well as serving as a protective wash for other members of the household. The steam from the infusion was also said to have a disinfecting effect. If they knew that an illness was going to arrive, they broke the branches and burned them in the house for the strong smoke which they said would keep the air fresh so that the sickness would not affect them. They also burned the branches after a death in the house to freshen the air. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92 |
| Juniperus sp. Juniper Wood |
Blackfoot Other, Hide Preparation Greased leaves used to smoke hides yellow. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 114 |
| Juniperus sp. Juniper Wood |
Blackfoot Other, Jewelry Dried, smoked berries used to make necklaces, wristlets or clothing decorations. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 114 |
| Juniperus sp. Juniper Wood |
Hopi Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant smoke used to make child behave by holding the child over the fire. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 62, 63 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Comanche Drug, Disinfectant Smoke from leaves inhaled for purifying effect. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Dakota Drug, Cold Remedy Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Lakota Drug, Cold Remedy Leaves burned and smoke inhaled for headcolds. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 30 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Omaha Drug, Cold Remedy Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Pawnee Drug, Cold Remedy Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Pawnee Drug, Sedative Smoke from burning twigs used for nervousness and bad dreams. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Ponca Drug, Cold Remedy Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Thompson Other, Fuel Used as a fuel to make a heavy smoke for smoking skins. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Thompson, Upper (Nicola Band) Other, Fuel Used in combination with sagebrush as a fuel to make a heavy smoke when desiring very dark skins. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500 |
| Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba Southern Redcedar USDA JUVIS |
Seminole Drug, Orthopedic Aid Leaves used to smoke the body for eagle sickness: stiff neck or back. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 305 |
| Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba Southern Redcedar USDA JUVIS |
Seminole Drug, Orthopedic Aid Leaves used to smoke the body for fawn sickness: swollen legs and face. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 305 |
| Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba Southern Redcedar USDA JUVIS |
Seminole Drug, Psychological Aid Plant burned to smoke the body for insanity. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 293 |
| Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Bottle Gourd USDA LASI |
Seminole Drug, Psychological Aid Seeds burned to smoke the body for insanity. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 293 |
| Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch Tamarack USDA LALA |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood used to smoke tan and yellow tint hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 41 |
| Larrea tridentata (Sess‚ & Moc. ex DC.) Coville Creosotebush USDA LATRT |
Pima Drug, Strengthener Smoke from plant used for weakness and laziness. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 61 |
| Larrea tridentata var. tridentata Creosotebush USDA LATRT |
Papago Drug, Orthopedic Aid Green branches laid on ashes, aching feet and stiff limbs held in smoke. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65 |
| Larrea tridentata var. tridentata Creosotebush USDA LATRT |
Papago Drug, Orthopedic Aid Smoke from smoldering green branches used for sore feet. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65 |
| Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt. Canadian Licoriceroot USDA LICA16 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots chewed or smoked for all stomach disorders. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 276 |
| Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt. Canadian Licoriceroot USDA LICA16 |
Creek Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots chewed or smoked for all stomach disorders. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 276 |
| Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose Canby's Licoriceroot USDA LICA2 |
Crow Other, Smoke Plant Root shavings added to tobacco and kinnikinnick and smoked. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 24 |
| Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose Canby's Licoriceroot USDA LICA2 |
Flathead Drug, Anticonvulsive Roots chewed, rubbed on the body or smoked for seizures. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 24 |
| Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose Canby's Licoriceroot USDA LICA2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Roots burned and smoke used to revive a subdued person possessed by the 'bluejay spirit.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
| Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose Canby's Licoriceroot USDA LICA2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Roots burned and smoke used to revive singers from a trance, considered ceremonially dead. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
| Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose Canby's Licoriceroot USDA LICA2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Other Roots burned and smoke used for unconsciousness, trances or 'possession' by spirits. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
| Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose Canby's Licoriceroot USDA LICA2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Smoke Plant Roots mixed with tobacco or rolled in cigarettes to give the smoke a pleasant menthol taste. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
| Lobelia cardinalis L. Cardinalflower USDA LOCA2 |
Meskwaki Other, Ceremonial Items Ceremonial 'tobacco' not smoked, but used to ward off storms and strewn onto graves. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 273 |
| Lobelia inflata L. Indian Tobacco USDA LOIN |
Cherokee Drug, Other Smoked 'to break tobacco habit.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40 |
| Lobelia inflata L. Indian Tobacco USDA LOIN |
Cherokee Other, Insecticide Used to smoke out gnats. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40 |
| Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance California Lomatium USDA LOCA3 |
Karok Other, Smoke Plant Root chewed and smoked in the pipe. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
| Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance California Lomatium USDA LOCA3 |
Yuki Drug, Cold Remedy Dried root smoked or decoction of roots taken for colds. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 44 |
| Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance California Lomatium USDA LOCA3 |
Yuki Drug, Other Root dried, ground and smoked in a pipe for severe colds; this occasionally caused dizziness. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 44 |
| Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Fernleaf Buscuitroot USDA LODID2 |
Nez Perce Drug, Respiratory Aid Roots mixed with tobacco and smoked for sinus trouble. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26 |
| Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Fernleaf Buscuitroot USDA LODID2 |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Analgesic Roots mixed with tobacco and smoked for headaches. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129 |
| Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Fernleaf Buscuitroot USDA LODID2 |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Analgesic Roots smoked and decoction of roots taken or used as a head wash for head pains. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129 |
| Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Fernleaf Buscuitroot USDA LODID2 |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of roots taken and roots smoked for colds. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129 |
| Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Fernleaf Buscuitroot USDA LODID2 |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Cold Remedy Roots mixed with tobacco and smoked for colds. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129 |
| Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Fernleaf Buscuitroot USDA LODID2 |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Vertigo Medicine Roots smoked and decoction of roots taken or used as a head wash for dizziness. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129 |
| Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Fernleaf Buscuitroot USDA LODID2 |
Paiute, Northern Other, Smoke Plant Roots smoked for pleasure. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Root smoke inhaled by horses for distemper. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Gosiute Drug, Veterinary Aid Burning root smoke inhaled by horse for distemper. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 369 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Great Basin Indian Drug, Respiratory Aid Dried roots burned on coals and smoke inhaled for asthma or bronchial troubles. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Great Basin Indian Other, Smoke Plant Dried root chips and Bull Durham used as a friendly smoke. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Compound of pulverized roots smoked for colds. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Paiute Drug, Pulmonary Aid Pulverized roots smoked to clear lungs and nasal passages. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |